Metabolism of obeticholic acid in brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus)

Chemistry and biology of the aminosulfonate cysteinolic acid: discovery, distribution, synthesis and metabolism

“…To study the fate of environmental pollution with obeticholic acid, Mach and co-workers used a gastric probe to administer obeticholic acid to brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) fish and analysed the bile using ultra performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. 58 Obeticholic bile salts of taurine and cysteinolic acid were detected, showing obeticholic acid can enter the conjugation pathway and that bile acid CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase of A. nebulosus can tolerate structural variation in both the bile acid and amino acid. The deep water starfish Styracaster caroli is a rich source of structurally diverse steroids, including three cysteinolic acid derived polyhydroxysteroids.…”