Metabolism of Reactive Nitrogen Species in Pea Plants Under Abiotic Stress Conditions

Abstract

Nitric oxide (*NO) is a key signaling molecule in different physiological processes of animals and plants. However, little is known about the metabolism of endogenous *NO and other reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in plants under abiotic stress conditions. Using pea plants exposed to six different abiotic stress conditions (high light intensity, low and high temperature, continuous light, continuous dark and mechanical wounding), several key components of the metabolism of RNS including the content of *NO, S-nitrosothiols (RSNOs) and nitrite plus nitrate, the enzyme activities of l-arginine-dependent nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and S-nitrosogluthathione reductase (GSNOR), and the profile of protein tyrosine nitration (NO(2)-Tyr) were analyzed in leaves. Low temperature was the stress that produced the highest increase of NOS and GSNOR activities, and this was accompanied by an increase in the content of total *NO and S-nitrosothiols, and an intensification of the immunoreactivity with an antibody against NO(2)-Tyr. Mechanical wounding, high temperature and light also had a clear activating effect on the different indicators of RNS metabolism in pea plants. However, the total content of nitrite and nitrate in leaves was not affected by any of these stresses. Considering that protein tyrosine nitration is a potential marker of nitrosative stress, the results obtained suggest that low and high temperature, continuous light and high light intensity are abiotic stress conditions that can induce nitrosative stress in pea plants.

Retracted: Nitric oxide enhances plant ultraviolet‐B protection up‐regulating gene expression of the phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway

“…RNS may regulate several physiological functions by reacting with biomolecules including proteins, vitamin E, lipids and nucleic acid ). RNS are toxic but they also function as signalling molecules in abiotic and biotic stress responses (Corpas et al 2008;Chaki et al 2009). This is the first report showing conclusive genetic and molecular evidence that support a mechanism for the NO functions in plant response to UV-B.…”

Peroxisomes Are Required for in Vivo Nitric Oxide Accumulation in the Cytosol following Salinity Stress of Arabidopsis Plants

“…NO, a free radical generated in animal and plant cells, has attracted the attention of many researchers due to its involvement in various physiological processes, such as seed germination, plant development, and senescence (Leshem, 1996;Corpas et al, 2004Corpas et al, , 2006 as well as abiotic and biotic stress (Corpas et al, 2007a(Corpas et al, , 2008Besson-Bard et al, 2008;Neill et al, 2008;Chaki et al, 2009a). However, several key questions, such as how NO is produced and its subcellular location in plants, are still a subject of Figure 7.…”

“…B, of proteins under stress conditions in animal cells (Radi, 2004;Szabó et al, 2007). To evaluate this possible correlation between ONOO 2 and protein nitration in Arabidopsis under salinity conditions, ONOO 2 was analyzed in roots by CLSM using the fluorescence probe 3#-(p-aminophenyl) fluorescein (APF; Chaki et al, 2009aChaki et al, , 2009b, while the presence of Tyr nitration was studied by immunoblot analysis using a well-characterized antibody against 3-nitrotyrosine (Valderrama et al, 2007;Corpas et al, 2008;Chaki et al, 2009aChaki et al, , 2009b. Figure 10A shows the location of ONOO 2 in the control roots of Arabidopsis wild-type seedlings and ONOO 2 significantly increased in roots under salinity stress (Fig.…”

“…Nitric oxide (NO) is a free radical involved in many physiological functions under normal and stress conditions in both animal and plant cells (Arasimowicz and Floryszak-Wieczorek, 2007;Corpas et al, 2007aCorpas et al, , 2008Neill et al, 2008). Unlike animal systems, knowledge of NO generation and subcellular location in plants remains largely elusive, and the data are sometimes contradictory and ambiguous (Zemojtel et al, 2006;Jasid et al, 2006;Gas et al, 2009).…”

Nuclear Accumulation of Cytosolic Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase in Cadmium-Stressed Arabidopsis Roots

“…However, when plants are exposed to different types of stress, the production of ROS and RNS can overwhelm the scavenging capacity of the cell, thereby leading to accumulation of these reactive molecules with the establishment of oxidative stress conditions (Apel and Hirt, 2004;Møller et al, 2007;Valderrama et al, 2007;Corpas et al, 2008). Interestingly, multiple MAPK modules that mediate oxidative stress responses are not only induced by ROS, but can also regulate ROS levels by stimulating catalase activities (Rodriguez et al, 2010).…”