Metabolism traits of ‘all-fish’ growth hormone transgenic common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

The hematological response to exhaustive exercise in ‘all-fish’ growth hormone transgenic common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

“…Similar results were reported in fast-growing transgenic Atlantic salmon by Cogswell et al (2002), who speculated that the alterations in transgenic Atlantic salmon erythrocyte morphology were likely an adaptive mechanism to meet increased metabolic requirements because the increase in the cell surface area to volume ratio would facilitate more rapid oxygen diffusion into and out of the cells (Benfey, 1999;Lay and Baldwin, 1999;Cogswell et al, 2002;). This could apply to 'all-fish' GH transgenic carp as well, which have also been shown to have elevated routine metabolic rates (Guan et al, 2008).…”

“…There are no reports on physiological recovery to exhaustive exercise in fastgrowing GH transgenic fish. For common carp, the level of plasma GH in 'all-fish' GH transgenic individuals was about 50 to 250-fold that of non-transgenics dependent on water temperature (Zhong et al, 2009a,b), and these fish differed from non-transgenics in their metabolism, physiology and behavior (Wang et al, 2006;Fu et al, 2007a,b;Li et al, 2007Li et al, , 2009Guan et al, 2008;Duan et al, 2009), so it is speculated that there may be differences between two strains in manners in response to exhaustive exercise. Therefore, the aims of the present study were: 1) to provide baseline hematological information in 'all-fish' growth hormone transgenic carp and 2) to assess if and how the hematological patterns for transgenic carp in response to exhaustive exercise are modified compared to controls.…”

“…Many countries are discussing or developing safety assessment strategies for fast-growing transgenic fish, and growth hormone (GH) transgenic fish are near the point of widespread commercial use (Niiler, 2000;Fu et al, 2005;Hu et al, 2007). Many studies have shown that in addition to enhancing growth rates, transgenic fish overexpressing GH can show a broad range of pleiotropic effects on morphology, physiology, metabolism, immunology and behavior (Fu et al, 1998(Fu et al, , 2007aDevlin et al, 2004Devlin et al, , 2006Wang et al, 2006;Li et al, 2007Li et al, , 2009Guan et al, 2008). Transgenic fish can be a useful model for examining the effects of GH on many physiological processes (Devlin et al, 2004).…”

Increased food intake in growth hormone-transgenic common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) may be mediated by upregulating Agouti-related protein (AgRP)

“…(Martinez et al, 1999;Rahman et al, 1998) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) (Wang et al, 2001;Zhong et al, 2012). During recent years, it has become clear that elevated growth hormone (GH) levels in transgenic fish induce a wide range of effects apart from growth promotion (Devlin et al, 1994;Du et al, 1992;Martinez et al, 1996;Nam et al, 2001;Rahman et al, 1998;Wang et al, 2001;Zhong et al, 2012), including altered metabolism (Guan et al, 2008;McKenzie et al, 2003;Stevens et al, 1998), swimming performance (Farrell et al, 1997;Lee et al, 2003;Stevens et al, 1998), anti-predator behavior (Abrahams and Sutterlin, 1999;Duan et al, 2010;Dunham et al, 1999) and growth-related neuroendocrine regulation (Raven et al, 2008). In addition, GH treatment resulted in increased food intake and feeding behavior in normal fish (Johnsson and Bjornsson, 1994).…”

Vitreoscilla Hemoglobin (VHb) Overexpression Increases Hypoxia Tolerance in Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

“…The primers vhb1-F and vhb1-R (shown in Table 1) were designed to amplify the 441-bp vhb DNA fragment from a standard strain of V. stercoraria (ATCC, 15128;Mao et al 2003), according to a published sequence (Khosla and Bailey 1988). A β-actin gene promoter of common carp was cloned from the pCAgcGH vector (Guan et al 2008). …”