Metabolite Profiles, Bioactivity, and HPLC Fingerprint of Different Varieties of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.: Towards the Utilization of Medicinal and Commercial Chinese Endemic Tree

Abstract

Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. is widely regarded in China as a precious medicinal and commercial endemic tree. Due to cross-breeding or natural variation of E. ulmoides, the metabolite composition may vary significantly, making control of the medical quality difficult. In order to improve the rational development and utilization, the quality of seven varieties of E. ulmoides were evaluated based on metabolite profiles (total phenolic, total flavonoid, gutta-percha, aucubin, geniposidic acid, chlorogenic acid, geniposide, pinoresinol diglucoside, rutin, hyperoside, and astragalin), bioactivities (in vitro, in vivo antioxidant activities, and antibacterial activities) and HPLC fingerprint combined with chemometrics analysis. On this basis, the differences of medicinal parts (leaf and bark) were further carried out. For the traditional use of bark, Purple-leaf E. ulmoides was the most suitable. For the use of leaf, Qinzhong 1 and Purple-leaf E. ulmoides were appropriate. HPLC fingerprint analysis showed that significant differences in metabolite profiles exist among seven varieties of E. ulmoides. Combined with chemometrics analysis, seven varieties of E. ulmoides were divided into three groups from the use of leaf and bark. The analysis not only evaluated quality of seven varieties of E. ulmoides, but also could distinguish different varieties and different regions of origin. The results can provide theoretical basis for E. ulmoides resources utilization and cultivation of fine varieties.

Antihypertensive Activity of Eucommia Ulmoides Oliv: Male Flower Extract in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

“…In the present study, our However, we did not identify the antihypertensive components in the aqueous extract of male flower. Recently, many studies demonstrated that four categories extracted from the leaf and bark of EU including lignans, iridoids, flavonoids, and terpenoids have antihypertensive action [7,27,28], and Bessa et al have separated iridoids and flavonoids from the male flowers of EU [12]; therefore, it is likely that iridoids and flavonoids may account for the antihypertensive effect of the male flowers of EU. Of course, further study will be needed to determine the antihypertensive components of the male flowers of EU.…”

“…Eucommia ulmoides Oliv., also called Du-Zhong, is a traditional medical plant in China, Korea, and Japan [6,7]. Accumulating evidences suggested Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.…”

“…Accumulating evidences suggested Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. can exert several pharmacological effects such as antiinflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-hyperglycemic activities [7,8]. Especially, the cortex of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.…”

Quality evaluation of different varieties of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. peels based on phenolic profiles, bioactivity, and HPLC fingerprint

“…Chloramphenicol and tetracycline were treated as positive controls. The 1% DMSO solution was a negative control (Özer et al., 2007; Wu et al., 2018).…”

Eucommia ulmoides leaf extract alters gut microbiota composition, enhances short‐chain fatty acids production, and ameliorates osteoporosis in the senescence‐accelerated mouse P6 (SAMP6) model

“…The extract sample was stored at 4°C. Active constituents of different EUL extract were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by HPLC ( Figure S1; Wu et al, 2018).…”