Metabolite profiling of the hyphal exudates of Rhizophagus clarus and Rhizophagus irregularis under phosphorus deficiency

Two‐component system in Rahnella aquatilis is impacted by the hyphosphere of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis

“…The exudation of C‐rich compounds by the extracellular hyphae of AM fungi has been demonstrated in a growing number of studies conducted in bi‐compartmented in vitro cultivation systems (e.g. Zhang et al ., 2018; Luthfiana et al ., 2021). Sugars, carboxylates, amino acids (Zhang et al ., 2018) as well as compounds such as deoxyadenosine, deoxycytidine, deoxyguanosine and secreted proteins (Kloppholz et al ., 2011; Kameoka et al ., 2019; Luthfiana et al ., 2021) were detected in the hyphal exudates, some of which stimulating growth and/or modifying the composition of bacterial communities (Zhang et al ., 2016b, 2018).…”

“…Zhang et al ., 2018; Luthfiana et al ., 2021). Sugars, carboxylates, amino acids (Zhang et al ., 2018) as well as compounds such as deoxyadenosine, deoxycytidine, deoxyguanosine and secreted proteins (Kloppholz et al ., 2011; Kameoka et al ., 2019; Luthfiana et al ., 2021) were detected in the hyphal exudates, some of which stimulating growth and/or modifying the composition of bacterial communities (Zhang et al ., 2016b, 2018). However, the effects of hyphae exudates on the TCS in the early stages (i.e.…”

“…the so‐called hyphosphere). Among the major changes occurring in the hyphosphere are the depletion of minerals, particularly nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), because of hyphae uptake (Li et al ., 1991; Zhang et al ., 2016a) and reversely, the enrichment in sugars, carboxylates, … due to hyphal exudation (Zhang et al ., 2018; Luthfiana et al ., 2021).…”

Scale-up of Mycorrhizal-Assisted Phytoremediation System from Technology Readiness Level 6 (Relevant Environment) to 7 (Operational Environment): Cost-benefits within a Circular Economy Context

“…In microbial-assisted phytomining, the exudates of mycorrhizal roots play a significant role in the efficiency of phytoextraction of the elements in the soil. For instance, concentrations of amino acids (glutamine, glutamic acid, valine, and methionine) and organic acids (citric acid, malic acid, and oxalic acid) in the root exudate of Andropogon virginicus were increased under P-deficient conditions [32], and the extraradical hyphae of AM fungi could exude diverse metabolites that are influenced by P levels and diverse AM fungal species [33]. In previous reports, we observed an increase in translocation for Mn, Fe, As, Zn, Ti, Cr, Cu, Rb, Sr., Al, Ba, K, and Ca when the MAP system based on the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis established between the sunflower Helianthus annuus and the AM fungal species Rhizophagus intraradices (GA5 strain, https://bgiv.com.ar/strains/ Rhizophagus-intraradices/ga5).…”

Hyphal exudates of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus<italic>Rhizophagus irregularis</italic> induce phosphate-solubilizingbacterium <italic>Rahnella aquatilis</italic> to swim towards its hyphae

“…毛运动 [25] ，甲基受体蛋白 MCPs 在感受到外界化学物质浓度梯度后，将信号通过组氨酸蛋白激 酶 CheA、连接蛋白 CheW，传导至反应调节蛋白 CheY，从而调控鞭毛的运动 [16] [14,15,18] 其成分中的果糖还能作为信号物质诱导解磷细菌体内磷酸酶基因的表达 [28] ，因此菌丝分泌物的 成分可能是引起解磷细菌趋化性的原因。AM 真菌的菌丝分泌物成分定性定量分析是菌根研究 的热点和难点。有许多研究都对菌丝分泌物的成分进行了定性分析，尽管成分有差异，但都主 要包括糖类、氨基酸、有机酸三大类含碳化合物 [14,[29][30][31] 。AM 真菌除了分泌菌丝代谢产物外，还 分泌从根系转运来的植物次级代谢物，如类黄酮、梓醇等物质 [32] 。本研究通过高分辨轨道阱鉴 定菌丝分泌物的成分，主要检测到了氨基酸和有机酸两类物质。崔庆敏利用氨基酸化学纯品对 解磷细菌 R. aquatilis 进行离体培养，发现酪氨酸、谷氨酸为趋避剂，而酮亮氨酸、亮氨酸为趋 向剂 [33] ，因此在菌丝分泌物中存在的这些氨基酸会影响解磷细菌向菌丝的趋化性移动。 Yuan 等 人发现含有机酸的根系分泌物对芽孢杆菌具有明显的趋化作用，其中苹果酸的趋化作用显著， 而延胡索酸能够促进细菌生物膜的形成 [34] ，微生物的趋化性移动、生物膜的形成是细菌定殖不 可缺少的过程，因此本研究中 检测到菌丝分泌物中存在的有机酸可能 也会对解磷细菌 R.…”