Metabolites of 4-chlorotestosterone acetate in cattle urine as diagnostic markers for its illegal use

Leyssens, Luc; Royackers, E.; Gielen, Bjorn; Missotten, Marc; Schoofs, J.; Czech, Jan; Noben, Jean-Paul; Hendriks, Linda; Raus, Jef

doi:10.1016/0378-4347(94)00009-3

Cited by 22 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Methylclostebol is a substance structurally related to clostebol (4-chlorotestosterone) and numerous results about the metabolism of clostebol in human [13,17,18] and cattle [19,20] have been published. But there is only limited data available concerning the metabolism of methylclostebol itself.…”

Section: Methylclostebolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic studies with promagnon, methylclostebol and methasterone in the uPA+/+-SCID chimeric mice

Lootens

Meuleman

Leroux‐Roels

et al. 2011

The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

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Section: Methylclostebolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic studies with promagnon, methylclostebol and methasterone in the uPA+/+-SCID chimeric mice

Lootens

Meuleman

Leroux‐Roels

et al. 2011

The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

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“…The standard used was β-methenolone (17β-hydroxy-1-methyl-5α-androst-1-ene-3-one), since no standard of α-methenolone (17α-hydroxy-1-methyl-5α-androst-1-ene-3-one) was available. In urine samples the α-form can be expected (Leyssens et al, 1994). Under the applied chromatographic conditions, α-forms will elute before their β-forms, which implies that M1 most probably is α-methenolone.…”

Section: Phase I Metabolites In Urinementioning

confidence: 97%

Metabolism of Methenolone Acetate in a Veal Calf

et al. 2006

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The use of anabolic steroids has been banned in the European Union since 1981. In this study, the metabolism of the anabolic steroid methenolone acetate, was investigated in a male veal calf. After daily oral administration of methenolone acetate, three main metabolites were detected in both urine and faeces samples. Among these metabolites, alpha-methenolone was apparently the main one, but 1-methyl-5alpha-androstan-3,17-diol and 3alpha-hydroxy-1-methyl-5alpha-androstan-17-one were also observed. The parent compound was still detectable in faeces. As a consequence, abuse of methenolone acetate as growth promoter can be monitored by analysing urine and faeces samples. A few days after the last treatment, however, no metabolites were observed. Alpha-methenolone was detectable in urine until 5 days after the last treatment, but in faeces no metabolites were detectable after 3 days.

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“…After evaporation of the steroid fraction, containing 17β-Bold, 17α-Bold, T and ADD, and before solid-phase extractions, the residue was dissolved in a mixture of 500 μL of trichloromethane and 5 mL of hexane. Two solid-phase extractions were performed using silica and amino cartridges successively (Leyssens et al, 1994). Each cartridge was conditioned using 5 mL of hexane.…”

Section: Faeces Extraction and Clean-up Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boldenone, testosterone and 1,4‐androstadiene‐3,17‐dione determination in faeces from horses, untreated and after administration of androsta‐1,4‐diene‐3,17‐dione (boldione)

Popot¹,

Boyer²,

Menaut³

et al. 2008

Biomedical Chromatography

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Faeces, which could be a potential alternative medium for doping control, have been used for the detection of 1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione administration to the horse. Semi-quantitative analyses of 1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione, testosterone, 17alpha- and 17beta-boldenone have been conducted in pre- and post-administration faeces, and in controls (untreated stallions, geldings and mares). Sample preparation comprised diethyl ether extraction, lipid removal, HPLC purification and derivatisation. 1,4-Androstadiene-3,17-dione, testosterone, 17alpha- and 17beta-boldenone were analysed by GC-EI/MS/MS. Quantitative limits of detection were 0.1 ng/g for 1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione, and 0.025 ng/g for testosterone, 17alpha- and 17beta-testosterone. In post-administration samples from geldings and mares, peak levels of 1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione, 17alpha-, 17beta-boldenone and testosterone were attained 24 h after administration. In untreated geldings and mares (in di- or anoestrus), 17alpha- and 17beta-boldenone and testosterone were not detected. Faeces from females in oestrus had detectable levels of boldenone isomers and testosterone. 1,4-Androstadiene-3,17-dione was undetectable in faeces collected from untreated horses, but the presence of this androgen was recently reported in faeces from untreated swine and it would therefore be advisable to check for its possible presence in a larger number of individual faecal samples.

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Metabolites of 4-chlorotestosterone acetate in cattle urine as diagnostic markers for its illegal use

Cited by 22 publications

References 13 publications

Metabolic studies with promagnon, methylclostebol and methasterone in the uPA+/+-SCID chimeric mice

Metabolic studies with promagnon, methylclostebol and methasterone in the uPA+/+-SCID chimeric mice

Metabolism of Methenolone Acetate in a Veal Calf

Boldenone, testosterone and 1,4‐androstadiene‐3,17‐dione determination in faeces from horses, untreated and after administration of androsta‐1,4‐diene‐3,17‐dione (boldione)

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