Metabolome Dynamics of Smutted Sugarcane Reveals Mechanisms Involved in Disease Progression and Whip Emission

Abstract

Sugarcane smut disease, caused by the biotrophic fungus Sporisorium scitamineum, is characterized by the development of a whip-like structure from the plant meristem. The disease causes negative effects on sucrose accumulation, fiber content and juice quality. The aim of this study was to exam whether the transcriptomic changes already described during the infection of sugarcane by S. scitamineum result in changes at the metabolomic level. To address this question, an analysis was conducted during the initial stage of the interaction and through disease progression in a susceptible sugarcane genotype. GC-TOF-MS allowed the identification of 73 primary metabolites. A set of these compounds was quantitatively altered at each analyzed point as compared with healthy plants. The results revealed that energetic pathways and amino acid pools were affected throughout the interaction. Raffinose levels increased shortly after infection but decreased remarkably after whip emission. Changes related to cell wall biosynthesis were characteristic of disease progression and suggested a loosening of its structure to allow whip growth. Lignin biosynthesis related to whip formation may rely on Tyr metabolism through the overexpression of a bifunctional PTAL. The altered levels of Met residues along with overexpression of SAM synthetase and ACC synthase genes suggested a role for ethylene in whip emission. Moreover, unique secondary metabolites antifungal-related were identified using LC-ESI-MS approach, which may have potential biomarker applications. Lastly, a putative toxin was the most important fungal metabolite identified whose role during infection remains to be established.

Time-series expression profiling of sugarcane leaves infected withPuccinia kuehniireveals an ineffective defense system leading to susceptibility

“…Furthermore, this 450 pathway was enriched with downregulated genes in cucumber infected by a mutant of 451 hop stunt viroid-grapevine at 28 dai [33]. In sugarcane smut, tyrosine accumulation is 452 characteristically associated with phenylpropanoid biosynthesis [104]. Our results .…”

Metabolômica De Plantas: Métodos E Desafios

“…15 A ressonância magnética nuclear (RMN), inicialmente aplicada aos estudos de metaboloma humano, também vem sendo empregada em estudos de plantas, tanto para a elucidação estrutural de moléculas previamente isoladas e purificadas, quanto para o estudo de frações enriquecidas ou mesmo extratos brutos de alta complexidade. 16,17 A literatura está repleta de estudos metabolômicos de plantas aplicados à caracterização de amostras [18][19][20][21][22][23][24] ou substâncias, 25 no controle de qualidade, [26][27][28][29] no melhoramento genético/transgênico de plantações, [30][31][32][33] no desenvolvimento de medicamentos, [34][35][36][37] em ecologia-química, [38][39][40] no entendimento de funções bioquímicas 14,33,41,42 e na distribuição e evolução taxonômica. 43,44 Talvez a tarefa mais desafiadora para um cientista que almeja utilizar a metabolômica seja entender todas as múltiplas e interdisciplinares etapas, assim como as metodologias analíticas mais adequadas considerando as vantagens e limitações do objeto de estudo.…”

>i<Arabidopsis thaliana>/i< as a model plant for the study of plant-pathogen interaction between >i<Sporisorium scitamineum>/i< and sugarcane

“…Liu et al (2017) and McNeil et al (2018) observed the activation of JA signaling in sugarcane infected with S. scitamineum. Also, S. scitamineum affected the expression of TOE2 (Schaker et al, 2017). Arabidopsis TOE1 and TOE2 regulate JA-mediated flowering time by interacting with a subset of JAZ proteins to repress the transcription of FT .…”

“…Sugarcane responses to S. scitamineum are still poorly understood despite numerous investigations describing molecular events at transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic levels Que et al, 2014;Barnabas et al, 2016;Su et al, 2016;Sigh et al, 2019;Peters et al, 2017;Schaker et al, 2017). The complete genome sequence of S.…”