Metabolomic analysis of the response of growing pigs to dietary l-arginine supplementation

Abstract

Arginine plays an important role regulating nutrient metabolism, but the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. This study was conducted to determine the effect of dietary arginine supplementation on the metabolome in serum of growing pigs using (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Sixteen 120-day-old pigs (48 +/- 1 kg) were randomly assigned to one of two groups, representing supplementation with 0 or 1.0% L: -arginine to corn- and soybean meal-based diets. Serum was collected after a 46-day period of treatment. Dietary arginine supplementation decreased fat deposition and increased protein accretion in the body. Principal component analysis showed that serum concentrations of low density lipoprotein, very low density lipoprotein, and urea were lower, but concentrations of creatinine, tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites, ornithine, lysine and tyrosine were greater in arginine-supplemented than in control pigs. Additionally, the arginine treatment affected serum concentrations of nitrogenous and lipid signaling molecules (glycerophosphorylcholine and myo-inositol) and intestinal bacterial metabolites (formate, ethanol, methylamine, dimethylamine, acetate, and propionate). These novel findings suggest that dietary arginine supplementation alters the catabolism of fat and amino acids in the whole body, enhances protein synthesis in skeletal muscle, and modulates intestinal microbial metabolism in growing pigs.

Response to weaning and dietary l-glutamine supplementation: metabolomic analysis in piglets by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

“…The altered α-L-galactofuranose serum level in Gln-supplemented piglets is a novel finding, which implies that Gln favorably modulates the ecology of the gut microbiota. Arginine and proline can be generated through Gln metabolism (Stumvoll et al, 1999), and arginine regulates intestinal microbial metabolism, as has been recently reported (He et al, 2009).…”

“…On Day 28, piglet weight was determined, and blood samples (4 ml) were collected by venipuncture of the precaval vein between 07:00 and 08:00 a.m. according to the methods of Wang et al (2008) and He et al (2009). Serum was separated from whole blood by centrifugation at 1 000×g and 4 °C for 10 min.…”

“…It has offered novel insights into dietary effects by measuring and mathematically modeling changes in metabolic products (He et al, 2009). Metabolic fingerprints can be obtained using mass spectrometry (MS) or nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) (Nicholson et al, 2004).…”

Addition of arginine and leucine to low or normal protein diets: performance, carcass characteristics and intramuscular fat of finishing pigs

“…Therefore, the proper Leu concentration is critically important for maintaining body protein levels beyond simply the need of this essential amino acid for protein synthesis (Harris et al, 2004). Arginine is a semi-essential amino acid, some studies have demonstrated that dietary Arg may stimulate protein synthesis in young (Yao et al, 2008) and in adult pigs and at the same time reduce fat deposition in fattening pigs (He et al, 2009). These effects may be due to the role of Arg in regulating the metabolism of energy substrates (fatty acids, glucose, amino acids) partly through production of nitric oxide (NO).…”

A urinary metabolomics (GC-MS) strategy to evaluate the antidepressant-like effect of chlorogenic acid in adrenocorticotropic hormone-treated rats

“…The nal data matrix was constructed with normalized peak areas with two vectors: sample names as observations in the rst column, and retention times/peaks as the response variables in the rst row. 31 Principal component analysis (PCA) 32 and partial least squares projection to latent structures and discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) 33 were employed to process the acquired three-dimensional matrix for multivariate analysis with SIMCA-P 11 soware (Umetrics, Umeå, Sweden). Samples from the same groups were classied into one for PLS-DA modeling.…”