Metabolomic Analysis Reveals the Metabolic Diversity of Wild and Cultivated Stellaria Radix (Stellaria dichotoma L. var. lanceolata Bge.)

Abstract

Stellaria Radix, called Yinchaihu in Chinese, is a traditional Chinese medicine, which is obtained from the dried roots of Stellaria dichotoma L. var. lanceolata Bge. Cultivated yinchaihu (YCH) has become a main source of production to alleviate the shortage of wild plant resources, but it is not clear whether the metabolites of YCH change with the mode of production. In this study, the contents of methanol extracts, total sterols and total flavonoids in wild and cultivated YCH are compared. The metabolites were analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The content of methanol extracts of the wild and cultivated YCH all exceeded the standard content of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. However, the contents of total sterols and total flavonoids in the wild YCH were significantly higher than those in the cultivated YCH. In total, 1586 metabolites were identified by mass spectrometry, and 97 were significantly different between the wild and cultivated sources, including β-sitosterol, quercetin derivatives as well as many newly discovered potential active components, such as trigonelline, arctiin and loganic acid. The results confirm that there is a rich diversity of metabolites in the wild and cultivated YCH, and provide a useful theoretical guidance for the evaluation of quality in the production of YCH.

Regional and Irrigation-Induced Variations in Secondary Metabolites of Calotropis procera Flowers in Different Agro-Climatic Zones of Rajasthan

“…This study sheds light on the intriguing impact of irrigation on the secondary metabolite contents of Calotropis flowers across different regions within the same Agro-Climatic Zone. The results of our study aligns with the reported literature that cultivated crops have lower levels of active constituents (Ku et al, 2020;Li et al, 2023). This also suggests that irrigation practices may influence the biosynthesis or accumulation of sterols and alkaloids in Calotropis flowers, highlighting the potential impact of environmental factors on the secondary metabolite composition.…”

A comprehensive model for predicting the development of defense system of Capparis spinosa L.: a novel approach to assess the physiological indices

“…Zhang et al demonstrated a significant enhancement in leaf tissue density in Stellaria dichotoma under water stress, but the current study found a significant decrease in caper leaf tissue density with 75% FC. The enhancement of leaf tissue density is primarily related to the decreasing size of leaves under water stress 31 . The opposite result of the current study might be due to the different ecological needs of the caper.…”

Analysis of quality evaluation and optimal harvest period of Aurantii Fructus from different sources using UHPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS/MS

“…The origin and diversity of Aurantii Fructus are closely intertwined and exert a significant impact on its quality. 20 The specific production region and cultivar contribute to the development of indigenous herbs, characterized by consistently high levels of active ingredients and extensive distribution. Huangpi, a traditional cultivar with a long history of cultivation, is widely recognized as an authentic medicinal plant in Hunan Province.…”