Metabolomics Analysis Reveals the Accumulation Patterns of Flavonoids and Volatile Compounds in Camellia oleifera Petals with Different Color

Abstract

To systematically and comprehensively investigate the metabolic characteristics of coloring substances and floral aroma substances in Camellia oleifera petals with different colors, ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) and headspace solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS–SPME–GC–MS) metabolomics methods were applied to determine the metabolic profiles of white, candy-pink and dark-red petals. The results revealed that 270 volatile organic compounds were detected, mainly terpenoids, heterocyclic, esters, hydrocarbons, aldehydes, and alcohols, in which phenylethyl alcohol, lilac alcohol, and butanoic acid, 1-methylhexyl ester, hotrienol, alpha-terpineol and 7-Octen-4-ol, 2-methyl-6-methylene-, (S)-, butanoic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-methylbutyl ester, 2,4-Octadienal, (E,E)- could act as the floral scent compounds. A total of 372 flavonoid compounds were identified, and luteolin, kaempferol, cyanidin and peonidin derivatives were considered as the main coloring substances for candy-pink and dark-red petal coloration. In conclusion, this study intuitively and quantitatively exhibited the variations in flower color and floral scent of C. oleifera petal with different colors caused by changes in variations of flavonoids and volatile organic compound composition, and provided useful data for improving the sensory quality and breeding of C. oleifera petals.

Integrative analysis of transcriptome and metabolome profiling reveal coloration molecular mechanisms in four rapeseed petals with different color

“…Anthocyanin synthase (ANS) is a key enzyme gene for the regulation of flower coloration formation, which can catalyze the formation of leucocyanidin into anthocyanins, and under the action of UGT genes, the hydroxyl group at the C3 position of anthocyanin is glycosylated to form various stable anthocyanins [35,36,37]. The higher expression level of ANS1 in dark purple and dark red rapeseed petals significantly accelerated the biosynthesis of more leucocyanidin to further form cyanidin-based anthocyanins.…”

Composition of the Scent in Some Ophrys Orchids Growing in Basilicata (Southern Italy): A Solid-Phase Microextraction Study Coupled with Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry

“…SPME has proven to be an extremely powerful and versatile method. Considering only recently published articles, it is possible to find articles on natural matrices such as radish [1], Camellia oleifera [2], soy [3], and soybean flowers [4]. Furthermore, articles devoted to finding volatile organic compounds in microorganisms such as kombucha fermentation broth [5], Kosakonia cowani [6], and Bacillus aryabhattai AYG1023 [7] have been published.…”