Metabolomics and Physiological Approach to Understand Allelopathic Effect of Horseradish Extract on Onion Root and Lettuce Seed as Model Organism

Abstract

In the present study, we assessed the allelopathic effects of various concentrations (0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3%) of horseradish root extract (HRE) on onion root. The average growth of onion root tips during the 0% HRE treatment (deionized water treatment) was 0.9 cm/day, which was the highest among the growth rates obtained with all HRE treatments. Moreover, the average growth during 0.3% HRE treatment was 0.1 cm/day. During cell cycle analysis, the mitotic phase fraction of the control (deionized water treatment) cells was 6.5% of all dividing cells, with this percentage being the highest among the values obtained for all treatment groups. In the control group, all cell cycle phases were identified; however, in the 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3% treatment groups, telophase was not identified. The ROS accumulation area of the onion root decreased, as the HRE treatment concentration increased. In the control root, the area of dead tissue was 0%; however, in the 0.1% and 0.2% HRE treatment roots, the ratio was 5% and 50%, respectively. These findings indicate that the allelopathic effect of HRE depends on the concentration of HRE applied to the onion root.

Drought stress intensifies the phytotoxicity of five Asteraceae exotic invasive plants

“…The phytotoxicity of these five Asteraceae EIP is crucial to their invasion success (Khanh et al 2009;Lu et al 2020;Wei et al 2020a, b;Cheng et al 2021). As one of the most common horticultural Asteraceae species in the surrounding areas surrounding the emerging five Asteraceae EIP, L. sativa is a sensitive indicator for the study of the phytotoxicity research of EIP (Sousa et al 2019;Amancio et al 2021;Lee et al 2021;Simpson and Ku 2021). Lactuca sativa can co-exist with one or more of these five Asteraceae EIP in the same habitat, particularly in farmland and wasteland.…”