“…Meat authentication techniques are based on the identification of targeted analytes, namely biomarkers, or the identification of a chemical analyte pattern unique for the tested meat species. Classification of these techniques based on the group of the analytes to be detected includes DNA-based (classical techniques and genomics) (Dirong et al, 2021;Azad, 2023), RNA-based (transcriptomics) (Vishnuraj, Devatkal, Vaithiyanathan, Uday Kumar & Mendiratta, 2021), proteins-based (proteomics) (Stachniuk, Sumara, Montowska & Fornal, 2021;Suratno, Windarsih, Warmiko, Khasanah, Indrianingsih & Rohman, 2023), metabolites-based (metabolomics) (Zhang, Chen, Xie, Wang & Pan, 2021;Harlina, Maritha, Musfiroh, Huda, Sukri & Muchtaridi, 2022;Suratno, 2023), lipids-based (lipidomics) (Harlina et al, 2022;Jia, Di & Shi, 2023) and glycans-based (glycomics) based techniques (Shi et al, 2019;Chia et al, 2022).…”