Metabolomics-based biomarkers of Fusarium wilt disease in watermelon plants

Ong³

et al. 2020

BMC Plant Biol

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Background Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (FON) causes Fusarium wilt in watermelon. Several disease-resistant watermelon varieties have been developed to combat Fusarium wilt. However, the key metabolites that mount defense responses in these watermelon varieties are unknown. Herein, we analyzed hormones, melatonin, phenolic acids, and amino acid profiles in the leaf tissue of FON zero (0)-resistant (PI-296341, Calhoun Grey, and Charleston Grey) and -susceptible (Sugar Baby) watermelon varieties before and after infection. Results We found that jasmonic acid-isoleucine (JA-Ile) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) were selectively accumulated in one or more studied resistant varieties upon infection. However, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) was only observed in the FON 0 inoculated plants of all varieties on the 16th day of post-inoculation. The melatonin content of PI-296341 decreased upon infection. Conversely, melatonin was only detected in the FON 0 inoculated plants of Sugar Baby and Charleston Grey varieties. On the 16th day of post-inoculation, the lysine content in resistant varieties was significantly reduced, whereas it was found to be elevated in the susceptible variety. Conclusions Taken together, Me-JA, JA-Ile, melatonin, and lysine may have crucial roles in developing defense responses against the FON 0 pathogen, and IAA can be a biomarker of FON 0 infection in watermelon plants.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hormonal and metabolites responses in Fusarium wilt-susceptible and -resistant watermelon plants during plant-pathogen interactions

Kasote

Ong³

et al. 2020

BMC Plant Biol

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“…These factors significantly affect the numerous metabolites and metabolic pathways which influence plant growth and development [ 50 , 51 ]. Accumulation of amino acids under stress conditions has been reported in published literature [ 52 , 53 , 54 ]. Increases in the levels of specific amino acids have shown beneficial effect in a stressful environment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Increases in the levels of Ser and Gly act as a biomarker for photorespiration [ 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 ]. Plants also accumulate GABA under various environmental stresses and this plays a vital role in osmotic and pH regulation, plant development, and carbon–nitrogen balance in plants [ 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 ]. A greenhouse study demonstrated that cold stress or low temperature (2 to 8 °C) exposure of spinach considerably increased the GABA content [ 58 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multivariate Analysis of Amino Acids and Health Beneficial Properties of Cantaloupe Varieties Grown in Six Locations in the United States

Singh

Metrani

et al. 2020

Plants

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Cantaloupe is a good dietary source of amino acids, including γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamine, and citrulline. However, the levels of these amino acids vary among different cantaloupe varieties grown in different locations. Understanding the variation in amino acid contents provides fundamentally important information for quality control and improving melon varieties. To examine this variation, we measured the amino acid contents in cantaloupes grown in six locations in the United States (Texas, Georgia, North Carolina, California, Indiana, and Arizona). Principal component analyses were applied to analyze the effect of growing location on the amino acid profiles in different varieties. The GABA content ranged from 1006.14 ± 64.77 to 3187.12 ± 64.96 µg/g and citrulline ranged from 92.65 ± 9.52 to 464.75 ± 34.97 µg/g depending on the variety and location. Total phenolic contents, α-amylase inhibition, and antioxidant activities were also measured. Tuscan type Da Vinci had significantly higher phenolic contents in Arizona (381.99 ± 16.21 µg/g) but had the lowest level when grown in California (224.56 ± 14.62 µg/g). Our analyses showed significant differences in amino acid levels, phenolics contents, and antioxidant activity in the cantaloupe varieties based on the growing location. These findings underline the importance of considering growing location in the selection and improvement of cantaloupe varieties.

“…This may elicit toxic or deterrent compounds to various types of organisms in the plant host, thereby improving the performance of vectors such that pathogens are better able to spread and blossom themselves onto plants. In addition, the metabolomics approach has been considered as a useful tool for screening and identifying biomarkers to understand metabolite alterations in response to the pathogen [ 62 ]. In this content, multivariate analysis using GC-MS dataset was performed to generate the variable importance for projection (VIP) scores (VIP > 1.0) derived from a PLS-DA model to screen the volatile metabolites, which were influenced by treatments ( Figure S2 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Authentic standard plant hormones were used to optimize the UPLC/ESI-HR-QTOFMS analysis conditions and to prepare calibration curves. The data Analysis Software v4.3 was used to quantify the data, according to our recent publications [ 62 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tomato Metabolic Changes in Response to Tomato-Potato Psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli) and Its Vectored Pathogen Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum

Lee

Awika²,

et al. 2020

Plants

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The bacterial pathogen ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ (Lso) is transmitted by the tomato potato psyllid (TPP), Bactericera cockerelli, to solanaceous crops. In the present study, the changes in metabolic profiles of insect-susceptible (cv CastleMart) and resistant (RIL LA3952) tomato plants in response to TPP vectoring Lso or not, were examined after 48 h post infestation. Non-volatile and volatile metabolites were identified and quantified using headspace solid-phase microextraction equipped with a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS) and ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/ESI-HR-QTOFMS), respectively. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was used to define the major uncorrelated metabolite components assuming the treatments as the correlated predictors. Metabolic changes in various classes of metabolites, including volatiles, hormones, and phenolics, were observed in resistant and susceptible plants in response to the insects carrying the pathogen or not. The results suggest the involvement of differentially regulated and, in some cases, implicates antagonistic metabolites in plant defensive signaling. Upon validation, the identified metabolites could be used as markers to screen and select breeding lines with enhanced resistance to reduce economic losses due to the TPP-Lso vector-pathogen complex in Solanaceous crops.