Metabolomics differentiation of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) spear leaf with contrasting susceptibility to Ganoderma boninense

Abstract

Basal stem rot (BSR) disease caused by Ganoderma boninense is the most serious and destructive disease in oil palm, especially in Southeast Asia and required urgent control measures to combat the disease outbreak. Information of understanding metabolite response of oil palm to BSR is limited. Therefore, parental palms with contrasting susceptibility to G. boninense based on previous oil palm progenies testing using root inoculation technique to identify oil palm progenies partially tolerant and susceptible to G. boninense were examined by metabolomics approach using gas chromatography x gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOF-MS). Analysis of metabolomics data from GC×GC-TOF-MS was conducted by supervised multivariate analysis of partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS) and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) that allowed cross-validation and response permutation test functions. As a result, seven potential metabolites that contribute to the contrasting susceptibility of oil palms to G. boninense were identified as mannose, xylose, glucopyranose, myo-inositol and hexadecanoic acid which were found high in partially tolerant oil palm whereas cadaverine and turanose were found high in susceptible oil palm as observed in fold changes of detected GC×GC-TOF-MS peaks. The results suggest that the employed strategy is a potential approach to profile and characterize leaf metabolome with contrasting susceptibility to G. boninense. This result provide baseline in future studies utilizing metabolomics in identifying potential biomarkers by screening larger population of truly resistant palms to G. boninense.

Metabolite Characterization and Correlations with Antioxidant and Wound Healing Properties of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Leaflets via 1H-NMR-Based Metabolomics Approach

“…The representative 1 H-NMR spectra of OPL samples extracted by different polarities of solvents is displayed in Figure 1. Previous studies on OPL have reported primary and secondary metabolites, which are organic acids, amino acids, simple carbohydrates, phenolic acids, luteolin, and apigenin derivatives [8,9,[23][24][25][26]. Nevertheless, the data with regard to the secondary metabolites present in OPL are still considered limited.…”

Identification of Compounds in Elaeis guineensis Fruits using GC-MS

“…10 The presence of hexadecanoic acid is an important growth and defence mechanism against pathogen in EG. 11 Fatty acids have been shown to possess antimicrobial action; 12 while others have been implicated in pathway elucidation 13 and stimulation of resistance mechanism in plants. 14 Biologically active long chain fatty acids exert their effect on membrane phospholipids by modifying its composition and potentially replacing or interfering with the synthesis of phospholipid derived lipid signalling molecules, including endocannabinoids.…”

Lignocellulosic of Oil Palm Biomass to Chemical Product via Fermentation

“…Oil palm is one of the most important sources of lignocellulosic biomass in Asia, especially in Malaysia and Indonesia. Malaysia, after Indonesia, is the world's second-largest producer of palm oil, with a capacity of 17.32 million tonnes and a cultivated area of 5.74 million ha [1]. According to the Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB) statistics from 2016, the total volume of oil palm products was 25.64 million tonnes [2].…”