Lung cancer is a malignant tumor that seriously threatens human health, which has become one of the major health concerns that people care. Clinically, lung cancer is divided into small-cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer, with non-small cell lung cancer accounting for 80% -85% of all pathological types of lung cancer. With the research on lung cancer, it has been found that most cases of lung cancer are already in the advanced stage, so early diagnosis of lung cancer is crucial. With the development of high-throughput technology, multi-omics analysis has provided us with a large amount of data for studying lung cancer. The study has discovered the important roles of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics in lung cancer. Based on the comprehensive analysis of multi-omics for lung cancer, we can identify the crucial biomarkers that are beneficial for early diagnosis of lung cancer for providing a better prognosis. This review provides the research progress of various omics technologies in lung cancer, so as to understand the molecular prognosis of lung cancer in clinical practice.