Metabolomics Reveals Process of Allergic Rhinitis Patients with Single- and Double-Species Mite Subcutaneous Immunotherapy

Feng

2022

Allergy

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a global health problem with increasing prevalence and association with an enormous medical and socioeconomic burden. New recognition of immune cells such as type 2 innate lymphocytes (ILC2s), T helper (Th2) 2 cells, follicular helper T cells, follicular regulatory T cells, regulatory T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, and epithelial cells in AR pathogenesis has been updated in this review paper. An in‐depth understanding of the mechanisms underlying AR will aid the identification of biomarkers associated with disease and ultimately provide valuable parameters critical to guide personalized targeted therapy. As the only etiological treatment option for AR, allergen‐specific immunotherapy (AIT) has attracted increasing attention, with evidence for effectiveness of AIT recently demonstrated in several randomized controlled trials and long‐term real‐life studies. The exploration of biologics as therapeutic options has only involved anti‐IgE and anti‐type 2 inflammatory agents; however, the cost‐effectiveness of these agents remains to be elucidated precisely. In the midst of the currently on‐going COVID‐19 pandemic, a global life‐threatening disease, although some studies have indicated that AR is not a risk factor for severity and mortality of COVID‐19, this needs to be confirmed in multi‐centre, real‐life studies of AR patients from different parts of the world.

Section: Mechanism‐oriented Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Update on pathomechanisms and treatments in allergic rhinitis

Feng

2022

Allergy

“…The second study evaluated the outcome, in AR patients with dual sensitivity, to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae treated with SCIT, adding a metabolomics assessment to standard clinical parameters. Both treatments had therapeutic effects with no significant differences in efficacy, while a reduction in inflammation-related metabolites was constantly observed in patients undergoing SCIT treatment, highlighting arachidonic acid and its metabolites as potential biomarkers [ 26 ]. In the latter study, 68 patients completing the SLIT course were categorized into effective and ineffective groups.…”

Section: Omicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Present and Future of Allergen Immunotherapy in Personalized Medicine

Ridolo

Incorvaia

Heffler

et al. 2022

JPM

Allergic diseases are particularly suitable for personalized medicine, because they meet the needs for therapeutic success, which include a known molecular mechanism of the disease, a diagnostic tool for that disease and a treatment that blocks this mechanism. A range of tools is available for personalized allergy diagnosis, including molecular diagnostics, treatable traits and omics (i.e., proteomics, epigenomics, metabolomics, transcriptomics and breathomics), to predict patient response to therapies, detect biomarkers and mediators and assess disease control status. Such tools enhance allergen immunotherapy. Higher diagnostic accuracy results in a significant increase (based on a greater performance achieved with personalized treatment) in efficacy, further increasing the known and unique characteristics of a treatment designed to work on allergy causes.

“… Zheng et al (2021) focused on the drug treatment of 73 AR patients who were simultaneously sensitized by Der p and Der f with single-mite subcutaneous immunotherapy (SM-SCIT) or double-mite subcutaneous immunotherapy (DM-SCIT). Both treatments with SM-SCIT (35 patients) and DM-SCIT (38 patients) consisted of three administrations, leading to 219 serum samples.…”

Section: Application Of Metabolomics In Ear Nose and Throatmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Concerning allergic rhinitis, in different studies ( Zheng et al, 2021 ; Yuan et al, 2022 ), the authors using the same approach (UPLC-QTOF-MS), found different metabolites, mostly belonging to the same pathway. However, most metabolites were related to the arachidonic acid metabolism which is considered helpful at mirroring a reduction of inflammation after therapy.…”

Section: Comments and Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regrettably, even considering the same disorder, metabolic alterations were highly heterogeneous. For example, the most significant metabolites identified differed between Tiziani et al (2009) , Sugimoto et al (2010) , Zheng et al (2021) , and Yuan et al (2022) . Therefore, the application of metabolomics to develop a tailored medicine, also called precision medicine, although considered crucial for identifying the mechanistic origin of altered metabolism, seems not yet ready for comparing and performing epidemiological studies.…”

Section: Comments and Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Metabolomics in Otorhinolaryngology

Noto

Piras

Atzori

et al. 2022

Front. Mol. Biosci.

Otorhinolaryngology (Ear, Nose and Throat-ENT) focuses on inflammatory, immunological, infectious, and neoplastic disorders of the head and neck and on their medical and surgical therapy. The fields of interest of this discipline are the ear, the nose and its paranasal sinuses, the oral cavity, the pharynx, the larynx, and the neck. Besides surgery, there are many other diagnostic aspects of ENT such as audiology and Vestibology, laryngology, phoniatrics, and rhinology. A new advanced technology, named metabolomics, is significantly impacting the field of ENT. All the “omics” sciences, such as genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics, converge at the level of metabolomics, which is considered the integration of all “omics.” Its application will change the way several of ENT disorders are diagnosed and treated. This review highlights the power of metabolomics, including its pitfalls and promise, and several of its most relevant applications in ENT to provide a basic understanding of the metabolites associated with these districts. In particular, the attention has been focused on different heterogeneous diseases, from head and neck cancer to allergic rhinitis, hearing loss, obstructive sleep apnea, noise trauma, sinusitis, and Meniere’s disease. In conclusion, metabolomics study indicates a “fil rouge” that links these pathologies to improve three aspects of patient care: diagnostics, prognostics, and therapeutics, which in one word is defined as precision medicine.