Metabolomics Study of Isocaloric Different Dietary Patterns on the Life Span in Healthy Population

Abstract

How to prolong life by diet has been widely concerned. There are many reports about the effects of different dietary patterns on life span, but the results are not consistent. The main reason may be that total energy intake has not been considered. This study aims to explore the effects of isocaloric different dietary patterns on population life span. Materials and Methods: From the data of the follow-up population, eligible participators were divided into normal control (NC) group (28.31% fat, 12.37% protein, 62.30% carbohydrate), isocaloric high-fat (IHF) group (38.39% fat, 12.21% protein, 51.32% carbohydrate), isocaloric high-protein (IHP) group (33.41% fat, 17.10% protein, 52.67% carbohydrate) and isocaloric high-carbohydrate (IHC) group (22.23% fat, 10.52% protein, 70.13% carbohydrate) according to the dietary structure and the age stratification. Global serum metabolic profiling analysis by UPLC−Q-TOF-MS/MS technology, fatty acid and amino acid profiles in serum were determined by GC-MS and UPLC-TQ-MS technology. One-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett post hoc test and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were used to statistical analysis. Results: Non-targeted metabolomics was to identify 18 potential metabolites related to longevity. ROC curve analysis to identify biomarkers indicated that the areas under the ROC (AUC) of the 12 of 18 biomarkers are above 0.9. The 12 biomarkers were mainly enriched in three metabolic pathways: lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism and tricarboxylic acid cycle. Compared to control, 11 and 10 of 12 biomarkers showed the same trend with aging in IHP and IHC groups, respectively. Conversely, no differences were observed between IHF group and NC group. Conclusion:Without consideration of the nature of carbohydrates, fats and proteins, IHP and IHC diets might shorten life span by influencing amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism and tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolism, while the isocaloric IHF diet has no effects on longevity.

The Age-Accompanied and Diet-Associated Remodeling of the Phospholipid, Amino Acid, and SCFA Metabolism of Healthy Centenarians from a Chinese Longevous Region: A Window into Exceptional Longevity

“…Therefore, our finding suggests that the above four up-regulated bile acids may be beneficial to healthy aging. Notably, Zhang et al found that the level of glycocholic acid was significantly decreased with age ranging from 20 to 74 years old [ 22 ]. In turn to see the discovery of this study, it is reasonably speculated that the bile acids metabolism of the healthy centenarians may revert to a more youthful state with respect to the elderly people aged 60–70 years, which also represents the unique metabolic signatures of the healthy centenarians from the longevous region, and a path to health and longevity by means of appropriately up-regulated bile acids metabolism.…”

The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle as a Central Regulator of the Rate of Aging: Implications for Metabolic Interventions

“…[29] In people, serum levels of succinate rise with age. [119] From one perspective, then, a rise in succinate, as an adaptation to hypoxia, is a biochemical example of allostasis, a distortion from optimal homeostasis for the purpose of meeting an environmental pressure. [120] However, hypoxia in the right amount is also hormetic-a moderate challenge that strengthens the organism.…”