Metabolomics window into diabetic complications

Abstract

Diabetes has become a major global health problem. The elucidation of characteristic metabolic alterations during the diabetic progression is critical for better understanding its pathogenesis, and identifying potential biomarkers and drug targets. Metabolomics is a promising tool to reveal the metabolic changes and the underlying mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. The present review provides an update on the application of metabolomics in diabetic complications, including diabetic coronary artery disease, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy and diabetic neuropathy, and this review provides notes on the prevention and prediction of diabetic complications.

Diabetic kidney disease: Its current trends and future therapeutic perspectives

“…This results in the normalization of diabetes‐induced glomerular hyperfiltration and higher intraglomerular pressure, which are well‐known accelerators of kidney injury. Recently, emerging evidence has focused on diabetes‐induced tubulointerstitial fibrosis, which is the end stage of kidney injury, resulting in the loss of renal function. We also hypothesized that the direct toxicity of diabetes‐induced reabsorbed glucose and Na + overload in the proximal tubular cells due to sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 could result in tubulointersitial fibrosis and nephron loss.…”

“…Despite good control of blood glucose, blood pressure, and lipid levels, the remaining risk for ESRD is still high, indicating an urgent need for new therapeutic strategies to prevent the development and progression of DKD. We and others have identified the underlying mechanism by which diabetes and hyperglycemia induce DKD, such as protein kinase C (PKC) activation, increased levels of cytokines, advanced glycation end products, oxidative stress, and altered stress responses. However, all drugs have failed to prevent the development and progression of DKD in human trials.…”

A Metabolic Insight Into the Neuroprotective Effect of Jin-Mai-Tong (JMT) Decoction on Diabetic Rats With Peripheral Neuropathy Using Untargeted Metabolomics Strategy

“…These results indicated that the mechanism of JMT decoction relieving DPN was closely associated with the regulation of abnormal lipid metabolism. Tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, the main pathway of carbohydrate metabolism in mitochondria, was reported to be impaired in diabetes and its complications (Filla and Edwards, 2016;Wu et al, 2017;Mathew et al, 2019;Rojas et al, 2019). TCA cycle that is also related to mitochondrial function plays a central role in maintaining peripheral nervous function and structure.…”

The Impact of Curcumin on Bone Osteogenic Promotion of MC3T3 Cells under High Glucose Conditions and Enhanced Bone Formation in Diabetic Mice

“…More seriously, the number is predicted to significantly increase to 590 million by 2035. Among various diabetic complications, diabetic osteoporosis (DOP) results in low bone mass, impaired bone microstructure, and reduced bone mineral density (BMD) [3,4]. Research has demonstrated a more than 60% higher incidence of bone fracture in diabetic patients than that of unaffected patients [5][6][7].…”