Metabotyping and its role in nutrition research

Abstract

Personalised nutrition is at its simplest form the delivery of dietary advice at an individual level. Incorporating response to different diets has resulted in the concept of precision nutrition. Harnessing the metabolic phenotype to identify subgroups of individuals that respond differentially to dietary interventions is becoming a reality. More specifically, the classification of individuals in subgroups according to their metabolic profile is defined as metabotyping and this approach has been employed to successfully identify differential response to dietary interventions. Furthermore, the approach has been expanded to develop a framework for the delivery of targeted nutrition. The present review examines the application of the metabotype approach in nutrition research with a focus on developing personalised nutrition. Application of metabotyping in longitudinal studies demonstrates that metabotypes can be associated with cardiometabolic risk factors and diet-related diseases while application in interventions can identify metabotypes with differential responses. In general, there is strong evidence that metabolic phenotyping is a promising strategy to identify groups at risk and to potentially improve health promotion at a population level. Future work should verify if targeted nutrition can change behaviours and have an impact on health outcomes.

Optimisation of a metabotype approach to deliver targeted dietary advice

“…Metabotypes are groups of individuals defined on the basis of their similarities in metabolic profile, which in turn results from an interaction between lifestyle, gut microbiome, genes and environmental factors [4,6]. Metabotypes have been successfully associated with diet-related diseases and differential responses to interventions which support their use as a means to deliver dietary advice at a group level (targeted dietary advice) [7]. For example, in a German cohort, three metabotypes were identified based on body mass index (BMI) and an extensive set of blood markers [8].…”

Antidiabetic Food-Derived Peptides for Functional Feeding: Production, Functionality and In Vivo Evidences

“…The biggest drawback concerning the bioactive properties of protein hydrolysates would be that the in vivo results show differences among individuals. Metabotyping individuals is an important step when considering which subgroups of people could benefit from protein hydrolysates as a functional food [261].…”

Fenotypowanie metaboliczne w rozwoju dietetyki spersonalizowanej

“…Indywidualizacja znajduje swoje miejsce w obszarze leczenia, diagnostyki i prewencji. Dieta jest jednym z najważniejszych modyfikowalnych czynników kształtujących ryzyko rozwoju wielu chorób przewlekłych w szczególności cukrzycy, otyłości, chorób układu sercowo-naczyniowego i nowotworów [1,2]. Coraz większe znaczenie przypisuje się międzyosobniczym różnicom w odpowiedzi na określone interwencje żywieniowe lub składniki pokarmowe, które wynikają z różnic fenotypowych i uwarunkowań genetycznych [1,3].…”

“…Dodatkowo grupa o wyższym ryzyku zespołu metabolicznego miała najwyższe dzienne spożycie napojów słodzonych [55]. Wyniki tego badania potwierdzają rolę metabotypów w identyfikowaniu osób o podwyższonym ryzyku i stanowią podstawę do opracowywania ukierunkowanych porad zdrowotnych i dietetycznych [2]. Europejski projekt otyłości dziecięcej (ang.…”