Metagenomic analysis of pathogen mastitis in cow’s milk from Cicurug, Sukabumi, West Java, Indonesia

Abstract

Mastitis is a complex disease in cattle that it involves interactions between management practices and infectious agents. The common microorganisms causing mastitis are bacteria, besides this disease can be caused by mycoplasma, algae, and yeast. Pathogen microorganisms in milk can be obtained from cattle, human hands, equipment and the environment. This study aims to analyze the metagenomic of pathogen mastitis in cow’s milk from Cicurug, Sukabumi, West Java. ZymoBIOMICSTM DNA Miniprep Kit was used for genome isolation to metagenomic analysis. The 16S rRNA PCR amplification was used for analysis the results of miniprep. Metagenomic analysis from subclinical mastitis milk showed that bacteria in cow’s milk were the genera of Corynebacterium_1 (20.53 %), Corynebacterium (11.67%), Solibacillus (8.78%), Romboutsia (5.45%), Micrococcus (4.18%), Acinetobacter (3.64%), Aerosphaera (1.94%), Ignavigranum (1.90%), Lysinibacillus (1.49%), and Staphylococcus (1.38%).

Association of milk microbiome with bovine mastitis before and after antibiotic therapy

“…Bacteria of the genus Ignavigranum are also known to cause mastitis and are associated with a subclinical form [ 67 , 68 ]. This was confirmed in a metagenomics study of milk samples of cows with subclinical mastitis that revealed the composition of the microbiome, in which a predominant bacterial genus was Ignavigranum [ 67 ]. Chryseobacterium is a Gram-negative bacterium that can promote pasteurized milk spoilage and recontamination, reducing milk quality [ 69 ].…”

“…In the subclinical mastitis group, we observed an increase in the abundance of Aerosphaera after antibiotic treatment compared with that before treatment; this bacterial genus was previously identified by Kusumawati et al . [ 67 ] in the milk of cows with subclinical mastitis.…”

Interrogating the role of the milk microbiome in mastitis in the multi-omics era

“…While this approach can provide information on taxonomic composition, metagenomics can go beyond this application and provide insight into both species and subspecies diversity and functional potential by examining the gene sequences that encode for proteins or functional RNAs (e.g., mRNAs and noncoding RNA). A handful of studies have utilized metagenomic sequencing to characterize the composition of the milk microbiome in bovine ( Bhatt et al, 2012 ; Patel et al, 2017 ; Kusumawati et al, 2021 ) and human ( Jiménez et al, 2015 ; Kordy et al, 2020 ; Seferovic et al, 2020 ; Olshan et al, 2021 ) milk but very few have interrogated the functional potential of the microbial communities. Metagenomic deep sequencing was used to compare the microbiomes of milk obtained from cows with clinical mastitis and healthy control cows where functional annotation of the metagenomic sequences was performed to identify differences in metabolic pathways ( Hoque et al, 2019 ).…”