Metagenomics in animal gastrointestinal ecosystem: a microbiological and biotechnological perspective

Abstract

Metagenomics-the application of the genomics technologies to nonculturable microbial communities, is coming of age. These approaches can be used for the screening and selection of nonculturable rumen microbiota for assessing their role in gastrointestinal (GI) nutrition, plant material fermentation and the health of the host. The technologies designed to access this wealth of genetic information through environmental nucleic acid extraction have provided a means of overcoming the limitations of culture-dependent microbial genetic exploitation. The molecular procedures and techniques will result in reliable insights into the GI microbial structure and activity of the livestock gut microbes in relation to functional interactions, temporal and spatial relationships among different microbial consortia and dietary ingredients. Future developments and applications of these methods promise to provide the fi rst opportunity to link distribution and identity of rumen microbes in their natural habitats with their genetic potential and in situ activities.

Degradation of euptox A by tannase-producing rumen bacteria from migratory goats

“…In addition, culture‐independent techniques are also proposed for identifying microbiota from complex cryptic microbial habitats (Singh et al . ).…”

“…Literature suggests that various methods are employed for isolating micro-organisms degrading tannins (Osawa and Walsh 1993;Sharma et al 2000;Mondal et al 2001;Rodr ıguez et al 2008). In addition, culture-independent techniques are also proposed for identifying microbiota from complex cryptic microbial habitats (Singh et al 2008).…”

Metagenomic DNA Library: Exploration of Novel Genes Encoding Glycoside Hydrolases

“…It is estimated that unculturable microbes reach 99% of the population of microbes in the nature [2]. Metagenomics is the applications method of genomics technology to unculturable microbiota from its environment ( [6]; [7]) and reservoir genes (gut, gastrointestinal [8], rumen [9], etc) with making genomic libraries, followed by analyzing the genetic information contained therein. The metagenomics approach incorporates several fields of science, such as genetics, microbiology, and bioinformatics [10].…”

“…The metagenomics approach incorporates several fields of science, such as genetics, microbiology, and bioinformatics [10]. The metagenomics approach generally consists of three stages: (1) Sampling and microbial nucleic acid extraction, (2) microbial genome and gene enrichment, (3) sequence analysis of genes trageting (sequence analysis of amino acids) [8].…”

Herramientas moleculares utilizadas para el análisis metagenómico. Revisión

“…Otros métodos de identificación utilizan sondas de isótopos estables (Stable-isotope probing SIP) mediante las que se identifican los microorganismos que incorporan dichos isótopos a través del uso sustratos marcados. En particular, la técnica de sondas de isótopos estables de ácidos nucleicos (Nucleic acids-SIP) utiliza sustratos con isótopos de 13 C y/o 15 N, los cuales se incorporan a los genomas bacterianos y de esta manera pueden ser rastreados (13) . Otros sustratos con sondas de isótopos estables son 13 CH3-OH, 13 C-fenol y 5-bromo-2deoxiuridina.…”