Metakaolin as a precursor of materials for applications in Cultural Heritage: Geopolymer-based mortars with ornamental stone aggregates

Clausi, Marina; Tarantino, Serena C.; Magnani, Laura Lorenza; Riccardi, María Pia; Tedeschi, Cristina; Zema, Michele

doi:10.1016/j.clay.2016.08.009

Cited by 57 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Different natural alumino-silicate minerals have been investigated in the scientific literature in combination with traditional alkali-activated materials. In particular, granite [46][47][48], albite [49], Pietra serena [50], Pisha sandstone [51,52], cordierite [53], and diatomite [54] have been used in combination with metakaolin (MK) [48,50,53] and fly ash (FA) [47,51]. As previously mentioned, only a few works investigated the use of alumino-silicate stones alone [46,49,51,52,54], i.e., without any other 'active' component.…”

Section: Role Of Raw Materials Activators and Curing Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clausi et al [50] investigated the possibility of using an ornamental stone, i.e., Pietra Serena (an Italian sandstone) in combination with MK for the production of mortars. MK/Pietra Serena alkali-activated mortars can be used in restoration of cultural heritage because they mimic the natural stone, thus allowing aesthetic compatibility [17].…”

Section: Role Of Raw Materials Activators and Curing Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Details related to curing conditions and alkaline solutions of the different reviewed papers are reported in Table 2. It can be observed that, in some researches, the materials were cured at 80 • C [46,47,51,52], even if in most of the works, curing at room temperature was preferred [48][49][50][52][53][54].…”

Section: Role Of Raw Materials Activators and Curing Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clausi at al. [50] compared the mechanical properties of alkali-activated MK mortars prepared using a standard sand or Pietra Serena crushed sand as aggregates. The authors reported a significant decrease of both flexural and compressive strength compared to the reference mortar; however, the compressive strength achieved (21 MPa) was still suitable for masonry mortars.…”

Section: Mechanical Properties Of Hardened Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the formation of this phase was favored in the granite-containing samples, as compared to 'pure'-GBFS materials, suggesting a contribution of granite powder in the alkali activation process. Clausi et al [50,76] suggested a role of Pietra Serena fines used in the preparation of MK-based mortars. In fact, by microstructural Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) observations, larger quartz and feldspar grains (contained in Pietra Serena) evidenced an incipient dissolution, and a limited formation of an alumino-silicate gel from Pietra Serena sludge was demonstrated [76].…”

Section: Role Of Alumino-silicate Minerals In the Alkali Activation Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of Natural Stone Wastes and Minerals in the Alkali Activation Process: A Review

et al. 2020

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This review aims to provide a comprehensive assessment concerning alkali activation of natural stone wastes and minerals. In particular, the structure of the review is divided into two main sections in which the works dealing with alumino-silicate and carbonatic stones are discussed, respectively. Alumino-silicate stones are generally composed of quartz and feldspars, while carbonatic stones are mainly made of calcite and dolomite. The role of these minerals in the alkali activation process is discussed, attesting their influence in the development of the final product properties. In most of the works, authors use mineral additions only as fillers or aggregates and, in some cases, as a partial substitution of more traditional raw powders, such as metakaolin, fly ash, and granulated blast furnace slag. However, a few works in which alumino-silicate and carbonatic stone wastes are used as the main active components are discussed as well. Not only the raw materials, but also the entire alkali activation process and the curing conditions adopted in the literature studies here reviewed are systematically analyzed to improve the understanding of their effect on the physical, mechanical, and durability properties of the final products and to eventually foster the reuse of natural stone wastes for the purposes of sustainability in different applications.

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