Metal air battery: A sustainable and low cost material for energy storage

Abstract

Energy needs, depleting fossil fuel supplies and demanding sustainable energy alternatives is ever-increasing process. In the future energy network, power storage systems are one of the indispensable devices to buffer the irregular energy generation and renewable energy supplies. Therefore, it is important to design an innovative and efficient modern electrochemical storage system, combine with resource abundance, eco-efficient industrial methods, and life-cycle analysis. These issues are currently being addressed by few existing technologies but there are still theoretical and technical challenges in each case that needs to be talked again. Among these technologies Metal Air Battery (MAB) is a prominent solution and has recently been again into research these days. A metal air battery comprises a metallic anode in an appropriate electrolyte, and an embedded air cathode. The metals that can be used as anode may be first group metals such as sodium lithium, potassium etc. in second group other elements like magnesium, calcium etc. and third group aluminium and a few transition metals like Fe and Zn. Metal-air batteries are actually the combination of the design and working of traditional and fuel cell batteries. These have a high energy efficiency that is 5 to 30 times greater than lithium-ion batteries and are often considered a sustainable alternative. MABs considered are as eco-friendly, non-toxic, low cost and viable alternative as metals are abundant in nature. Metal-air batteries now a days are the most promising power storage systems with high power densities. A metal air battery comprises a metallic anode in an appropriate electrolyte, and an embedded air cathode. Metal-air batteries (MABs) combine the design features of traditional and fuel cell batteries. Some of the most common metal-air batteries include LAB (lithium air battery), SAB (sodium air battery), MABs (magnesium-air battery), AAB (aluminium air battery) and ZAB (zinc-air battery) etc.

Enhanced electrical conductivity and stretchability of ionic-liquid PEDOT:PSS air-cathodes for aluminium-air batteries with long lifetime and high specific energy

“…In addition, the cathode being reusable and stretchable, while aluminium being the most abundant metal in Earth’s crust, the proposed battery not only provides for a low-cost bendable version of metal-air batteries, but can push the cost even lower with respect to the use of other metals as the anode. Moreover, aluminium-air batteries have higher theoretical specific power densities than other metal-air batteries 47 . The aluminium-air batteries used in this work have shown high specific energies, around 3140 Wh kg −1 whilst presenting low-cost and easy assembly.…”

Perspective on Biomass-Based Cotton-Derived Nanocarbon for Multifunctional Energy Storage and Harvesting Applications

“…Primary and secondary are the two types of batteries that are nonrechargeable and rechargeable, respectively. 22 The demand for electric vehicles and efficient batteries has been increasing day by day because of inevitable demand for fossil fuel or oil. The development of efficient battery materials with a well-performing electrolyte is the key point of discussion.…”

“…Another device for energy storage is a battery, which stores electrical energy to run the electrical devices via a chemical reaction. Primary and secondary are the two types of batteries that are nonrechargeable and rechargeable, respectively . The demand for electric vehicles and efficient batteries has been increasing day by day because of inevitable demand for fossil fuel or oil.…”

Biomass-Derived Carbon Materials for the Electrode of Metal–Air Batteries

“…While most renewable energy is intermittent, which will lead to source waste and further restrict their large-scale application, the development of reliable energy storage devices with high energy and power densities are receiving more and more attention by their combination with renewable energy to realize efficient and sustainable utilization [ 5 , 6 , 7 ]. As a promising electrochemical energy storage system, metal–air batteries are considered as a suitable energy storage device because of their simple structure, high security, environmental friendliness and especially high energy density [ 8 , 9 , 10 ]. Among all of the metal–air batteries, the Zn–air battery and Li–air battery have received the most attention due to their huge application potential [ 11 , 12 , 13 ].…”