Metal-Assisted and Microwave-Accelerated Decrystallization

S.B.Ettinoffe, Yehnara; Kioko, Bridgit; I.Gordon, Brittney; Thompson, Nishone; Adebiyi, Morenike; Mauge-Lewis, Kevin; O.Ogundolie, Taiwo; Bonyi, Enock; Mohammed, Muzaffer; Aslan, Kadir

doi:10.5101/nbe.v7i4.p139-152

Cited by 5 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…9,10 For extreme cases of chronic gout, surgery is often recommended for the removal of tophi masses. 11,12 The breach of the main barrier (skin tissue) during invasive surgical removal of crystal aggregates often poses a major risk of infection to the joints, destroying joints, resulting in a need for amputation. 13,14 Consequently, there is still a need for alternative noninvasive therapies for the treatment of gout.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microwave Heating of Synthetic Skin Samples for Potential Treatment of Gout Using the Metal-Assisted and Microwave-Accelerated Decrystallization Technique

et al. 2016

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Physical stability of synthetic skin samples during their exposure to microwave heating was investigated to demonstrate the use of the metal-assisted and microwave-accelerated decrystallization (MAMAD) technique for potential biomedical applications. In this regard, optical microscopy and temperature measurements were employed for the qualitative and quantitative assessment of damage to synthetic skin samples during 20 s intermittent microwave heating using a monomode microwave source (at 8 GHz, 2–20 W) up to 120 s. The extent of damage to synthetic skin samples, assessed by the change in the surface area of skin samples, was negligible for microwave power of ≤7 W and more extensive damage (>50%) to skin samples occurred when exposed to >7 W at initial temperature range of 20–39 °C. The initial temperature of synthetic skin samples significantly affected the extent of change in temperature of synthetic skin samples during their exposure to microwave heating. The proof of principle use of the MAMAD technique was demonstrated for the decrystallization of a model biological crystal (l-alanine) placed under synthetic skin samples in the presence of gold nanoparticles. Our results showed that the size (initial size ∼850 μm) of l-alanine crystals can be reduced up to 60% in 120 s without damage to synthetic skin samples using the MAMAD technique. Finite-difference time-domain-based simulations of the electric field distribution of an 8 GHz monomode microwave radiation showed that synthetic skin samples are predicted to absorb ∼92.2% of the microwave radiation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Increased kinetic energy results in increased collisions between the AuNPs in solution and the target crystals are placed on a surface. 12,23 Subsequently, uric acid and other gout-related crystals on a surface can be decrystallized by the combined use of AuNPs and microwave heating, that is, the MAMAD technique.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave Heating of Synthetic Skin Samples for Potential Treatment of Gout Using the Metal-Assisted and Microwave-Accelerated Decrystallization Technique

et al. 2016

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“…Analysis of the UA crystals revealed a significant reduction in the number of crystals with the addition of unmodified Au NPs compared to unmodified Ag NPs after exposure to microwave heating. Figure 2B [34] Shows that the number of crystals was reduced by approximately 80% when Au NPs and microwave energy were employed, whereas the use of Ag NPs appeared resulted in no significant changes in the crystal count. This effect can also be visualized in Figure 2C [34], where optical images reveal a dramatic decrease in the crystal number and size after 10 minutes of microwave heating with Au NPs.…”

Section: Decrystallization Of Uric Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The retention rate calculated by dividing the value obtained at any given time by the value at time = 0. Details on the specific experimental design for the decrystallization of UA on collagen coated glass and the application of biological fluids that are found in bone joints are illustrated in Figure 2A [34]. In this procedure, UA crystals and synovial fluid were added to a collagen coated glass slide on top of which a silicon isolator and glass cover slip were placed.…”

Section: Decrystallization Of Uric Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The MAMAD technique is based on the combined use of Gold Nanoparticles (Au NPs) in solution and the application of low powered direct microwave heating (e.g., 2.45-8 GHz) used for the rapid crystallization and decrystallization of various organic molecules [33,34]. Figure 1 depicts the crux of the MAMAD technique, where: 1) Upon irradiation with microwave energy, the differences in thermal conductivity of the Au NPs, the target crystals and water molecules produces a thermal gradient, 2) Kinetic energy of the Au NPs increases thereby affording the displacement of the Au NPs at high velocities, 3) High speed nanoparticles act as 'nano bullets' when they collide with the surface of crystals NPs) on the UA crystals is explained in the section below [33].…”

Section: Decrystallization Of Uric Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metal-Assisted and Microwave-Accelerated Decrystallization: An Alternative Approach to Potential Treatment of Crystal Deposition Diseases

Thompson¹,

Kukoyi²,

Lansiquot³

et al. 2017

Clin Arch Bone Joint Dis

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Gout is a painful and prevalent crystal deposition disease caused by the overproduction of Uric Acid (UA) in the body and the atypical deposition in human synovial joints as Monosodium Urate Monohydrate (MSUM). Conventional treatments, such as NSAIDs, cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, and systemic glucocorticoids often present harmful side-effects and are short-lived. Long-term therapies including xanthine oxidase inhibitors and the use of uricosuric agents have been developed and aim to lower the UA serum levels in the body. As regards to post-crystals deposition, our research laboratory recently proposed and demonstrated the use of the Metal-Assisted and Microwave-Accelerated Decrystallization (MAMAD) technique for the breakdown of organic and biological crystals on planar surfaces. The MAMAD technique is based on the combined use of microwave heating and Au NPs in solution. The interactions of the Au NPs with microwave's electromagnetic field result in an increase in the kinetic energy of Au NPs, and subsequently, an increase in the collisions with target crystals placed on planar surfaces leading to rapid crystal breakdown. In this regard, our laboratory aims to develop the MAMAD technique as an alternative treatment for crystal deposition diseases, particularly gout, with minimal invasion and side-effects as compared to current treatments. In this review article, we will summarize our previous findings and provide additional data detailing the effectiveness of the MAMAD technique as a rapid and efficient method for the breakdown of gout related crystals and L-alanine crystals (a model crystal).

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Microwave Heating of Crystals with Gold Nanoparticles and Synovial Fluid under Synthetic Skin Patches

et al. 2017

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Gout is a disease with elusive treatment options. Reduction of the size of l-alanine crystals as a model crystal for gouty tophi with the use of a monomode solid-state microwave was examined as a possible therapeutic aid. The effect of microwave heating on l-alanine crystals in the presence of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) in solution and synovial fluid (SF) in a plastic pouch through a synthetic skin patch was investigated. In this regard, three experimental paradigms were employed: Paradigm 1 includes the effect of variable microwave power (5–10 W) and variable heating time (5–60 s) and Au NPs in water (20 nm size, volume of 10 μL) in a plastic pouch (1 × 2 cm2 in size). Paradigm 2 includes the effect of a variable volume of 20 nm Au NPs in a variable volume of SF up to 100 μL in a plastic pouch at a constant microwave power (10 W) for 30 s. Paradigm 3 includes the effect of constant microwave power (10 W) and microwave heating time (30 s), constant volume of Au NPs (100 μL), and variable size of Au NPs (20–200 nm) placed in a plastic pouch through a synthetic skin patch. In these experiments, an average of 60–100% reduction in the size of an l-alanine crystal (initial size = 450 μm) without damage to the synthetic skin or increasing the temperature of the samples beyond the physiological range was reported.

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Metal-Assisted and Microwave-Accelerated Decrystallization

Cited by 5 publications

References 24 publications

Microwave Heating of Synthetic Skin Samples for Potential Treatment of Gout Using the Metal-Assisted and Microwave-Accelerated Decrystallization Technique

Microwave Heating of Synthetic Skin Samples for Potential Treatment of Gout Using the Metal-Assisted and Microwave-Accelerated Decrystallization Technique

Metal-Assisted and Microwave-Accelerated Decrystallization: An Alternative Approach to Potential Treatment of Crystal Deposition Diseases

Microwave Heating of Crystals with Gold Nanoparticles and Synovial Fluid under Synthetic Skin Patches

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