Metal Atom Formation Processes in Flames

Coker, D. T.; Ottaway, J. M.; Pradhan, N.

doi:10.1038/physci233069a0

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In a second approach, peak current variations with pH, organic chelate content or carbonate alkalinity are observed and related to the formation or dissolution of nonreducible complexes, solid phases, or colloidal species (1,(5)(6)(7)(8)(9). In yet another approach, ASV is used to measure reducible metal during a complexometric titration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The vaporization process has been alluded to by a number of workers (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9) and suitable mathematical models exist for determining rates of vaporization under somewhat restrained conditions (10)(11)(12). These models incorporate the significance of particle size in their computation as well as the expected dependence on such parameters as flame temperature and partial pressures of the vapor components at the stated temperature.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vaporization and atomization of large particles in an acetylene/air flame

Holcombe¹,

Eklund²,

Grice³

1978

Anal. Chem.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaporization and atomization of large particles in an acetylene/air flame

Holcombe¹,

Eklund²,

Grice³

1978

Anal. Chem.

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“…The combustion of materials in flame plasma is an exothermic process which generates light, heat, and ions. The flame has been integrated with many spectroscopic and detection techniques such as flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS), flame emission spectroscopy (FES), flame ionization mass spectrometry (FIMS), and flame ionization detection (FID) . Unfortunately, organic compounds are thermally decomposed in the flame, so that intact molecular ions are not detected.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unfortunately, organic compounds are thermally decomposed in the flame, so that intact molecular ions are not detected. Therefore, FAAS, FES, and FIMS are techniques that are only useful for detecting elements in inorganic samples, while FID measures the ion currents produced by organic analytes burned in a hydrogen flame …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame‐induced atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry

Cheng

Chen

Jhang

et al. 2016

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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In FAPCI, analytes are not incinerated but vaporized and introduced into the ion source to react with the reactive charged species generated by a flame. The features of the FAPCI source include: configuration is very simple, operation is easy, high voltage or inert gas is unnecessary, and the source is maintenance free. Various combustible gases, solvents and solids are useful flame fuels for FAPCI. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…A flame has been used in several spectroscopic techniques such as flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS), flame emission spectroscopy (FES), and flame ionization mass spectrometry (FIMS) to characterize trace metal elements in solutions. − Because different metal ions can be formed by burning the corresponding metal salt in a flame, in this study we used the metal ions produced in a flame to ionize analytes. The resultant analyte ions were subsequently detected by a mass analyzer attached to the flame-induced atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (FAPCI) source.…”

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confidence: 99%

Formation of Metal-Adducted Analyte Ions by Flame-Induced Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry

2016

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A flame-induced atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (FAPCI) source, consisting of a miniflame, nebulizer, and heated tube, was developed to ionize analytes. The ionization was performed by reacting analytes with a charged species generated in a flame. A stainless steel needle deposited with saturated alkali chloride solution was introduced into the mini oxyacetylene flame to generate alkali ions, which were reacted with analytes (M) generated in a heated nebulizer. The alkali-adducted 18-crown-6 ether ions, including (M + Li)(+), (M + Na)(+), (M + K)(+), (M + Rb)(+), and (M + Cs)(+), were successfully detected on the FAPCI mass spectra when the corresponding alkali chloride solutions were separately introduced to the flame. When an alkali chloride mixture was introduced, all alkali-adducted analyte ions were simultaneously detected. Their intensity order was as follows: (M + Cs)(+) > (M + Rb)(+) > (M + K)(+) > (M + Na)(+) > (M + Li)(+), and this trend agreed with the lattice energies of alkali chlorides. Besides alkali ions, other transition metal ions such as Ni(+), Cu(+), and Ag(+) were generated in a flame for analyte ionization. Other than metal ions, the reactive species generated in the fossil fuel flame could also be used to ionize analytes, which formed protonated analyte ions (M + H)(+) in positive ion mode and deprotonated analyte ions (M - H)(-) in negative ion mode.

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Metal Atom Formation Processes in Flames

Cited by 14 publications

References 8 publications

Vaporization and atomization of large particles in an acetylene/air flame

Vaporization and atomization of large particles in an acetylene/air flame

Flame‐induced atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry

Formation of Metal-Adducted Analyte Ions by Flame-Induced Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry

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