“…The effluent water generally contains biological, inorganic, and organic pollutants, which is directly or indirectly mixed into the water bodies, making them contaminated . Inorganic heavy metals (such as Cd 2+ , Cu 2+ , As 3+ , Pb 2+ , Zn 2+ , Hg 2+ , Cr 6+ , Ni 2+ , and Co 2+ ) are the most frequently discharged pollutants, which are highly toxic, carcinogenic, and nonbiodegradable in nature. , These ions can transmit through the food chain and accumulate in the living organisms as well as in the human body . Cd 2+ ions are considered one of the major toxic pollutants if they persist in industrial wastewater .…”