Metal-Clad Optical Waveguides: Analytical and Experimental Study

Kaminow, I. P.; Mammel, W. L.; Weber, H. P.

doi:10.1364/ao.13.000396

Cited by 303 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The mirrors may be either dielectric stacks or, in some cases, metals. 6,7 It has been clearly demonstrated that the boundary conditions imposed by such planar microcavity systems can modify the spatial and spectral distribution of the emitted radiation from such devices 4 and also the spontaneous emission lifetime of the emitter. 8,9 However, the extent to which spontaneous emission may be controlled is limited by the planar symmetry of the microcavity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flat photonic bands in guided modes of textured metallic microcavities

Salt

Barnes

2000

Phys. Rev. B

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A detailed experimental study of how wavelength-scale periodic texture modifies the dispersion of the guided modes of /2 metal-clad microcavities is presented. We first examine the case of a solid-state microcavity textured with a single, periodic corrugation. We explore how the depth of the corrugation and the waveguide thickness affect the width of the band gap produced in the dispersion of the guided modes by Bragg scattering off the periodic structure. We demonstrate that the majority of the corrugation depths studied dramatically modify the dispersion of the lowest-order cavity mode to produce a series of substantially flat bands. From measurements of how the central frequency of the band gap varies with direction of propagation of the guided modes, we determine a suitable two-dimensional texture profile for the production of a complete band gap in all directions of propagation. We then experimentally examine band gaps produced in the guided modes of such a two-dimensionally textured microcavity and demonstrate the existence of a complete band gap for all directions of propagation of the lowest-order TE-polarized mode. We compare our experimental results with those from a theoretical model and find good agreement. Implications of these results for emissive microcavity devices such as light-emitting diodes are discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flat photonic bands in guided modes of textured metallic microcavities

Salt

Barnes

2000

Phys. Rev. B

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“…Similar waveguides with metal-insulator-metal have been intensively studied both theoretically [26][27][28][29] and experimentally. 30,31 By inserting InP/InGaAs/ InP heterostructure in the middle, our configuration enables compensation for the metal loss by optical gain in the InGaAs layer. The entire structure can be pumped using electrical injection to achieve optical amplification or lasing.…”

Section: Nanolasers Based On Misim Waveguidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metallic subwavelength-cavity semiconductor nanolasers

2012

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Miniaturization has been an everlasting theme in the development of semiconductor lasers. One important breakthrough in this process in recent years is the use of metal-dielectric composite structures that made truly subwavelength lasers possible. Many different designs of metallic cavity semiconductor nanolasers have been proposed and demonstrated. In this article, we will review some of the most exciting progresses in this newly emerging field. In particular, we will focus on metallic-cavity nanolasers with volume smaller than wavelength cubed under electrical injection with emphasis on high-temperature operation. Such devices will serve as an important component in the future integrated nanophotonic systems due to its ultra-small size.

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“…50 nm), with widths of 150À200 nm, are repeated with periods of 200 to 300 nm, forming an inter-MIM spacing of 10À80 nm. MIM structures can be viewed as nanoscale planar waveguides, 15 and individual MIM elements have modes confined inside the dielectric region (referred to as waveguide mode). Localized resonances result from the FabryÀPerot (FP)-type resonator formed within the MIM waveguide, terminated at both ends.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Localized resonances result from the FabryÀPerot (FP)-type resonator formed within the MIM waveguide, terminated at both ends. The propagation wavevector β SPP and effective index n eff = β SPP /k 0 of the fundamental TM mode of a MIM waveguide can be calculated by solving for β SPP in the following equation 15 …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Raman Enhancement on a Broadband Meta-Surface

et al. 2012

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P lasmonic excitations of metallic nanostructures have attracted a great deal of attention in past decades, due to the rich variety of geometric configurations, the associated optical properties and phenomena, and the wide range of present and potential future applications. 1,2 Propagating and localized plasmons have been utilized in the design of photonic structures to efficiently couple free-space propagating light onto highly confined surface modes, resulting in the enhancement of electromagnetic field intensities. Nonlinear optical effects benefit from plasmonic field enhancement, 3,4 and plasmonics has the potential to be an enabling technology for quantum optics and all-optical information processing. 5,6 It has been shown that plasmonic field enhancement allows the observation of Raman scattering from single molecules with low excitation powers down to microwatts. 7,8 The lack of reliability resulting from the spatially non-uniform nature of plasmonic field enhancement can be a problem for applications requiring repeatability. In the case of surfaceenhanced Raman scattering (SERS), regions with high enhancement (so-called hot spots) are typically major contributors to the observed signal. Raman intensity enhancement is estimated through I SERS = I 0 |E(ω exc )E(ω det )/E 0 (ω exc )E 0 (ω det )| 2 , where ω exc and ω det are the excitation and detection frequencies, and E and E 0 are the electric field intensities with and without the presence of plasmonic structures. Defining an enhancement factor, EF(ω) = |E(ω)/E 0 (ω)| 2 , overall Raman enhancement factor can be written as the product of excitation and detection factors, EF SERS = EF(ω exc )EF(ω det ). Spatial nonuniformity of the electric field directly translates into a spatial non-uniformity of EF SERS and can be an important disadvantage for repeatability. Hot spots are typically formed when two metal regions come close (within a few nanometers) to each other, and even periodic structures may display a wide distribution of enhancement factors. 9 In order to achieve high and spatially uniform field enhancement, engineered surfaces that exhibit plasmon modes at both the excitation and scattering wavelengths are needed. 10À13 Previously, metal nanoparticle clusters (bottom-up approach) and sparse structures or biharmonic gratings with however, benefits of strong coupling of dimers have been overlooked. Here, we construct a plasmonic meta-surface through coupling of diatomic plasmonic molecules which contain a heavy and light meta-atom. Presence and coupling of two distinct types of localized modes in the plasmonic molecule allow formation and engineering of a rich band structure in a seemingly simple and common geometry, resulting in a broadband and quasi-omni-directional meta-surface. Surfaceenhanced Raman scattering benefits from the simultaneous presence of plasmonic resonances at the excitation and scattering frequencies, and by proper design of the band structure to satisfy this condition, highly repeatable and spatially uniform Raman enhancement ...

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Metal-Clad Optical Waveguides: Analytical and Experimental Study

Cited by 303 publications

References 12 publications

Flat photonic bands in guided modes of textured metallic microcavities

Flat photonic bands in guided modes of textured metallic microcavities

Metallic subwavelength-cavity semiconductor nanolasers

Raman Enhancement on a Broadband Meta-Surface

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