Metal compound nanoparticles: Flame retardants for polymer composites

Sertsova, A. A.; Marakulin, S. I.; Yurtov, E. V.

doi:10.1134/s1070363217060421

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…[15] Metal compound nanoparticles (MCNPs) are proven very effective flame retardant materials, for example, zinc oxide, magnesium hydroxide, zinc borate, silver, and layered double hydroxides. [16] Composite materials during their service life often expose to different kind of impacts, for example, Low velocity and high velocity impact. Low velocity impact (LVI) is most common type of impact phenomenon through which a composite material can come across during its lifetime especially when used for daily life applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of functional (flame‐retardant and anti‐bacterial) and hybrid (carbon‐glass/epoxy) composites with improved low velocity impact response

et al. 2021

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High-performance synthetic fiber reinforced composites are utilized in hightech applications due to their higher mechanical properties. However, in previous work, these composites were not used in outdoor (parks, picnic) and hygienic (hospitals, schools, offices) furniture applications due to fire hazards and bacterial attack. In this work, functional (flame retardant and antibacterial) composites were fabricated along with improved low velocity impact (LVI) response. In the first part of the work, glass/epoxy composites were loaded with the different zirconium phosphate (ZrP) particles percentages (5%, 10%, and 15%) to optimize their flame retardancy and LVI properties. In the second part, glass/epoxy composites were loaded with different zinc oxide (ZnO) particles percentages (0.5%, 1% and 1.5%) to optimize their anti-bacterial and LVI properties. ZrP with 15% concentration showed the highest value of flame retardancy, and energy absorption (31.70 J) and maximum impact force (1377 N) during drop weight impact test. Also, ZnO with 1.5% concentration showed the best anti-bacterial activity along with improved LVI response (29.70 J absorbed absorbed). In the third part, these optimized percentages of ZrP (15%) and ZnO (1.5%) were used for the development of the hybrid carbon-glass epoxy composites. Overall, hybrid H3 (GCCG) and H4 (CGGC) showed the optimized and comparable flame retardancy, anti-bacterial and LVI (29.70 J {H3} and 29.20 J {H4} absorbed absorbed) response.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of functional (flame‐retardant and anti‐bacterial) and hybrid (carbon‐glass/epoxy) composites with improved low velocity impact response

et al. 2021

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“…To solve this problem, great efforts have been devoted to enhancing the flame retardancy of the condensed phase effect by incorporating magnesium hydroxide or brucite with synergistic additives, such as zinc borate (ZB). − Zinc borate (ZB) is also a kind of halogen-free mineral filler, and previous works demonstrated that some kinds of zinc borate particles migrated and aggregated in the polymer melt and then changed into a glassy cage for polymer chains as a physical barrier, reinforcing the char layer in the condensed phase. ,,− However, these approaches are based on simple physical mixing of zinc borate and magnesium hydroxide. During polymer burning, filler particles including zinc borate and magnesium hydroxide would assemble and decompose respectively to form a hollow structure in the polymer matrix, resulting in strength reduction and collapse of the char layer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reinforcing Condensed Phase Flame Retardancy through Surface Migration of Brucite@Zinc Borate-Incorporated Systems

Chen

et al. 2020

ACS Omega

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An efficient brucite@zinc borate (3ZnO•3B 2 O 3 •3.5H 2 O) composite flame retardant (CFR), consisting of an incorporated nanostructure, is designed and synthesized via a simple and facile electrostatic adsorption route. It has been demonstrated that this incorporated system can enhance the interfacial interaction and improve the mechanical properties when used in ethylene−vinyl acetate (EVA) composites. Meanwhile, in the process of burning, the CFR particles can successively migrate and accumulate to the surface of the burning zone, increasing the local concentration and rapidly generating a compact barrier layer through a condensed phase reinforcement mechanism even at a lower loading value. Especially, compared with the EVA/physical mixture (PM, with the same proportion of brucite and zinc borate), the heat release rate (HRR), the peak of the heat release rate (PHRR), the total heat released (THR), the smoke production rate (SPR), and mass loss are considerably reduced. According to this study, controlling the nanostructure of flameretardant particles, to improve the condensed phase char layer, gives a new approach for the design of green flame retardants.

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“…The molybdenum trioxide and antimony trioxide further exhibit a catalytic effect that promotes the formation of a more dense foamed char layer, thereby reducing the volatilization of combustibles and achieving the suppression of smoke. However, the use of metal oxides in combination with flame retardants is not sufficient to achieve a highly efficient cooperative effect for polymers [21,22,23,24]. Instead, a metal-species-modified material with an in-situ method has been reported as an effective way of providing polymers with enhanced flame retardancy [25,26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of a Carrageenan–Iron Complex and Its Effect on Flame Retardancy and Smoke Suppression for Waterborne Epoxy

et al. 2019

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A k-carrageenan–iron complex (KC–Fe) was synthesized by complexation between degraded KC and FeCl3. Furthermore, KC–Fe and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) were simultaneously added into waterborne epoxy (EP) to improve its flame retardancy and smoke suppression performance. The structure and properties of KC–Fe were assessed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy, thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), and X-ray powder diffraction analysis (XRD). The analysis showed that KC–Fe was successfully synthesized and exhibited good thermal properties with a 49% char residue at 800 °C. The enhanced flame retardancy and smoke suppression performance of waterborne epoxy were evaluated using a limiting oxygen index (LOI) and UL-94. Moreover, the flame retardancy of waterborne epoxy coated on a steel plate was also investigated using cone calorimetry. The results showed that the flame-retardant waterborne epoxy blend exhibited the best flame retardancy when the mass ratio of APP and KC–Fe was 2:1. The total heat release (THR) and total smoke production (TSP) was decreased by 44% and 45%, respectively, which indicated good fire safety performance and smoke suppression properties. Analysis of the residual char using FTIR, SEM, and elemental analysis (EDS) indicated that the action of KC–Fe was promoted by the presence of APP. The formation of a dense thermal stable char layer from an intumescent coating was essential to protect the underlying materials.

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Metal compound nanoparticles: Flame retardants for polymer composites

Cited by 23 publications

References 32 publications

Development of functional (flame‐retardant and anti‐bacterial) and hybrid (carbon‐glass/epoxy) composites with improved low velocity impact response

Development of functional (flame‐retardant and anti‐bacterial) and hybrid (carbon‐glass/epoxy) composites with improved low velocity impact response

Reinforcing Condensed Phase Flame Retardancy through Surface Migration of Brucite@Zinc Borate-Incorporated Systems

Synthesis of a Carrageenan–Iron Complex and Its Effect on Flame Retardancy and Smoke Suppression for Waterborne Epoxy

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