Metal concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 particles and seasonal variations in urban and rural environment of Agra, India

Kulshrestha, Aditi; Satsangi, P. Gursumeeran; Masih, Jamson; Taneja, Ajay

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.08.050

Cited by 373 publications

(169 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In our study, Zn was found in highest concentration followed by Pb, Cu and Cd respectively which is similar to the reports of earlier research work (Banerjee, 2003;Fang et al, 2005;Wang et al, 2005). Despite the use of lead free petrol, high concentration of Pb could be due to Pb particles in street dust accumulated from earlier vehicular exhaust for a long time due to their higher residence time in environment (Kulshrestha et al, 2009).…”

Section: Metal Analysissupporting

confidence: 90%

Seasonal Variation of Selected Metals in Particulate Matter at an Industrial City Kota, India

Meena

Chandrawat

et al. 2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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This study investigates seasonal variation in concentration of some heavy metals in suspended and respirable particulate matter (SPM and RPM) collected from five different zones situated in Kota city during both summer (March, April, May and October) and winter (January, February, November and December) seasons of 2011-2012. Mean concentrations of anthropogenic origin metals (Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd) were higher in winter and lower in summer with their relative abundance in order: Zn > Pb > Cu > Cd while reverse trend was observed for crustal origin metals (Ca, Mg and Fe) at all zones. Meteorological conditions such as temperature, relative humidity, wind velocity and wind direction during winter and summer were found affecting the metals concentration trends in different seasons. Wind roses indicate that the zones lying in predominant North-east wind direction from point source (KSTPS) in winter (25.74%) and summer (15.31%) faced higher metal burden following zone 1, which is suffering most owing to its closest location to the source. Statistical analysis by Pearson's correlations, enrichment factor and principal component analysis indicates that coal based Thermal Power Plant is the major source of heavy metals besides other industrial activities in the study area. It is to be noted that because of higher residence time, significant concentration of Pb is found at all the zones in the city which, probably, has its origin in earlier vehicular exhaust as well.

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Section: Metal Analysissupporting

confidence: 90%

Seasonal Variation of Selected Metals in Particulate Matter at an Industrial City Kota, India

Meena

Chandrawat

et al. 2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…In Agra, 60% pollution is due to vehicles and three highways (NH-2, NH-3 and NH-11) cross the city. Vehicular traffic on these highways is high (10 5 vehicles per day) (Kulshrestha et al, 2009(Kulshrestha et al, , 2009a. The ferrous and non ferrous metal casting, rubber processing, lime oxidation and pulverization, engineering works and chemicals are the major industrial activities in Agra.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Surface Morphology, Elemental Composition and Origin of Atmospheric Aerosols (PM2.5 and PM10) over Agra, India

Pipal

Jan

Satsangi

et al. 2014

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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In situ measurements of PM (PM 2.5 and PM 10 ) particles were carried out using a medium volume air sampler (offline) and particle number concentrations of PM were measured by a Grimm aerosol spectrophotometer (online) during the study period of 2010-2011. The morphology and elemental composition analyses of PM were performed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (EDS), respectively. The average mass concentrations of PM 2.5 and PM 10 were 97.2 and 242.6 µg/m 3 at roadside (RD) and 121.2 and 230.5 µg/m 3 at a semirural (SR) site, respectively. These concentrations were substantially higher than the NAAQS, WHO and USEPA standards. The highest mass and number concentrations of PM 2.5 and PM 10 were observed during winter, followed by those during the post-monsoon period and summer, with the lowest in the monsoon period. SEM and EDS analysis of PM indicated the presence of soot, mineral, tarballs, fly ash, aluminosilicates/silica, fluorine, carbon rich, and Cl-Na rich particles. Of these particles, soot, tarballs, and F-C rich particles dominate in PM 2.5 , whereas mineral, aluminosilicates, and Cl-Na rich particles dominate in PM 10 . The morphology and elemental composition of the particles varied over the seasons due to atmospheric processing. The highest carbon concentration (56%) was observed in PM 2.5 during summer at the RD, while in the monsoon, postmonsoon period and winter the carbon concentration was ~9% lower at the RD as compared to the SR. However, the concentration of carbon in PM 10 was ~38% higher at the RD as compared to SR during both summer and winter. Air mass backward trajectory cluster analysis was performed, and the results indicate that the aerosol loadings over Agra are mainly transported from the Middle East and Arabian Sea during the summer and monsoon period, while during the pre-monsoon period and winter the aerosol loadings came from the northern region, and were due to the burning of biomass and coal, as well as other local activities.

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“…By the beginning of fall, the ambient temperature drops down. Increase in PM 10 in with lowering atmospheric temperature has been reported in other cities (Aryal et al, 2008;Ho et al, 2006;Kulshrestha, Satsangi, Masih, & Taneja, 2009) and in Ulsan residential area also (Hieu & Lee, 2010;Lee & Park, 2010). Table 2 shows PM 10 observed in other industrial sites across the world.…”

Section: Particle Size Distributionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Characteristics of Atmospheric Particulate Matter and Metals in Industrial Sites in Korea

Aryal¹,

Kim²,

Lee³

et al. 2013

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The distribution of metals in atmospheric particulates less than 10 µm was studied at a petrochemical refinery site and at a non-ferrous heavy metals industrial site in the city of Ulsan, South Korea in both the summer and fall seasons. The samples were collected with a high volume sampling system equipped with a 9 stage cascade impactor, which effectively separated the particulate matter into 9 size ranges. Total PM 10 was 59 ± 14 µg/m 3 in summer and 56 ± 18 µg/m 3 in fall at the petrochemical site whereas it was 52 ± 14 µg/m3 in summer and 88 ± 36µg/m 3 in fall at the non-ferrous heavy metals site. The particle size fractionation in less than 10 µm showed a typical bimodal distribution, with one peak corresponding to the particle size range of 1.1-4.7 µm and the other to the range of 4.7-10 µm. Five heavy metals (Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd) were measured in the composite mixture of particulates (0.1-1.1, 1.1-4.7 and 4.7-10 µm). The heavy metals concentrations were found to be higher in the 1.1-4.7 µm fraction followed by 4.7-10 and 0.1-1.1 µm. Among the metals Pb showed particle size dependent whereas Zn was homogeneously mixed in all sizes. The obtained data are important for an estimation of level pollution with heavy metals in industrial sites.

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Metal concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 particles and seasonal variations in urban and rural environment of Agra, India

Cited by 373 publications

References 43 publications

Seasonal Variation of Selected Metals in Particulate Matter at an Industrial City Kota, India

Seasonal Variation of Selected Metals in Particulate Matter at an Industrial City Kota, India

Study of Surface Morphology, Elemental Composition and Origin of Atmospheric Aerosols (PM2.5 and PM10) over Agra, India

Characteristics of Atmospheric Particulate Matter and Metals in Industrial Sites in Korea

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