Metal-defected spinel MnxCo3-xO4 with octahedral Mn-enriched surface for highly efficient oxygen reduction reaction

Z-scheme 2D-m-BiVO4 networks decorated by a g-CN nanosheet heterostructured photocatalyst with an excellent response to visible light

“…18 Among the variety of photocatalytic systems, the direct solid-state Z-scheme system has attracted considerable attention because it not only enhances the spatial separation efficiency of photo-induced electron-hole pairs but also reduces the undesirable backward reaction of the photocatalytic process due to two different redox sites. 19,20 Furthermore, maximum overpotentials can be achieved with this unique Z-scheme system, which is benecial for the effective utilization of a high conduction band from a semiconductor and a low valence band from another semiconductor. [21][22][23] Li et al synthesized a Z-scheme BiVO 4 /g-CN photocatalytic system by thermal annealing and hydrothermal method.…”

Defective ZnS nanoparticles anchored in situ on N-doped carbon as a superior oxygen reduction reaction catalyst

“…Defects can also introduce active sites in carbon-based materials to boost their ORR performance, though this is not the case for materials used as electrocatalysts in OERs and HERs [26,27] . These materials are relatively inexpensive and effective substitutes for Pt-based electrocatalysts in fuel cell systems [28,29] .…”

Structure‐Activity Relationship of Defective Metal‐Based Photocatalysts for Water Splitting: Experimental and Theoretical Perspectives

“…We also synthesized Co 3 O 4 with rich cobalt defects, and the apparent electron delocalization accompanying cation vacancy improves the conductivity, increases the number of surface active sites, and facilitates the activation of water molecules, which leads to high oxygen evolution activity . Furthermore, Mn x Co 3 −x O 4 containing both manganese vacancies and cobalt vacancies shows high oxygen reduction reaction activity attributed to the enhanced conductivity and O 2 adsorption ability . Zhao et al demonstrated that nickel vacancies in NiO increase the conductivity and promote electron transfer ability during electrocatalysis .…”

“…Our group developed a series of stable cation‐defective catalysts of TiO 2 , ZnO, Co 3 O 4 , and Mn x Co 3 −x O 4 through simple solvothermal and calcination methods . Anatase TiO 2 with metal vacancies exhibits many novel physicochemical properties, for example, nonferromagnetic n‐type TiO 2 is converted to p‐type TiO 2 with room temperature ferromagnetism ( Figure d).…”