Metal diffusion from electrodes in organic light-emitting diodes

Lee, S. T.; Gao, Zhiqiang; Hung, L. S.

doi:10.1063/1.124708

Cited by 298 publications

(194 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…ITO-TCE is rather expensive 13,14 due to both the material cost and its low throughput deposition process. In addition, the indium in ITO is known to diffuse into the active layers of OLEDs, leading to performance degradation over time 15 . Therefore, there is a strong need for flexible, low-cost and chemically stable transparent electrodes for the next-generation OLED-based display and lighting.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient and bright organic light-emitting diodes on single-layer graphene electrodes

et al. 2013

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Organic light-emitting diodes are emerging as leading technologies for both high quality display and lighting. However, the transparent conductive electrode used in the current organic light-emitting diode technologies increases the overall cost and has limited bendability for future flexible applications. Here we use single-layer graphene as an alternative flexible transparent conductor, yielding white organic light-emitting diodes with brightness and efficiency sufficient for general lighting. The performance improvement is attributed to the device structure, which allows direct hole injection from the single-layer graphene anode into the light-emitting layers, reducing carrier trapping induced efficiency roll-off. By employing a light out-coupling structure, phosphorescent green organic light-emitting diodes exhibit external quantum efficiency 460%, while phosphorescent white organic light-emitting diodes exhibit external quantum efficiency 445% at 10,000 cd m À 2 with colour rendering index of 85. The power efficiency of white organic light-emitting diodes reaches 80 lm W À 1 at 3,000 cd m À 2 , comparable to the most efficient lighting technologies.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient and bright organic light-emitting diodes on single-layer graphene electrodes

et al. 2013

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“…Penggunaan ITO dan FTO pada TCF memiliki beberapa kelemahan diantaranya : (i) harga Indium yang mahal karena keseterdiaannya yang terbatas [1], (ii) tidak dapat digunakan untuk substrat yang fleksibel karena bersifat brittle [2], (iii) material indium mudah terdifusi ke material aktif sehingga mengalami penurunan performa [3], (iv) kurang tranparant terhadap spektrum dekat cahaya inframerah, dan (v) kebocoran arus pada perangkat FTO disebabkan oleh cacat struktur FTO [4]. Selain itu, mahalnya harga TCF juga disebabkan karena proses pembuatan TCF yang ada pada saat ini memiliki tingkat kerumitan yang sangat tinggi sehingga menambah tingginya harga TCF tersebut.…”

Section: Indium Tin Oxide ( Ito) Dan Fluorin-doped Tin Oxide (Fto) Adunclassified

Fabrikasi Transparant Conducting Film Berbahan Dasar Grafit pada Substrat Plastik dengan Proses Mekanik

2017

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ABSTRAKFilm transparan dan konduktif (Transparent Conducting Film) dengan grafit berbentuk serbuk sebagai material konduktif telah berhasil difabrikasi menggunakan metode yang sangat murah dan sederhana. Metode ini tidak menggunakan proses pemanasan dan transfer yang umumnya digunakan dalam fabrikasi film transparan dan konduktif. Serbuk grafit langsung dideposisikan ke atas permukaan plastik dengan gerak melingkar menggunakan metal berbentuk tabung yang dilapisi tisu pada permukaannya. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh ketebalan film terhadap nilai transmitansi dan hambatan dilakukan variasi ketebalan film dengan menambah lapisan di atas lapisan yang telah terdeposisi. Pengukuran nilai transmitansi dan hambatan film dilakukan menggunakan UV-Vis elektrometer dan I-V El-Kahfi dan didapatkan nilai transmitansi sebesar 60% dan hambatan 24,4 kΩ untuk satu kali pelapisan (coating). Sedangkan 9 kali pelapisan (coating) menghasilkan nilai transmitansi 13% dan hambatan 773 Ω. FTO [4]. Selain itu, mahalnya harga TCF juga disebabkan karena proses pembuatan TCF yang ada pada saat ini memiliki tingkat kerumitan yang sangat tinggi sehingga menambah tingginya harga TCF tersebut.Sudah ada beberapa alternatif TCF yang sudah dikembangkan pada saat ini, diantaranya : film berbahan metal yang sangat tipis [5], Carbon Nano Tub (CNT) random meshes [6,7] dan transparent Conducting Oxide (TCO) seperti ZnO:Al (AZO) dan ZnO:Ga (GZO) [8]. Walaupun AZO merupakan jenis TCF murah dan ramah lingkungan serta memiliki sifat optik dan elektronik yang baik, TCF jenis ini masih memiliki permasalahan dari sisi tehnis produksi yang lebih besar dan masal.Penggunaan Grafene sebagai material TCFs akhir-akhir ini berkembang sangat pesat. Hal ini dikarenakan Grafene memiliki karakteristik optik dan elektronik yang sangat menjanjikan bagi dunia TCF. Beberapa metode deposisi Grafene pada substrat terus dikembangkan diantaranya adalah metode pengelupasan [9]

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“…On the other hand, the lifetime degradation of the OLED component has been investigated by few past works [7]- [11], where the degradation was attributed to intrinsic and extrinsic causes. The extrinsic causes are, for example, particle contamination and inevitable humidification [7] in the fabrication process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The extrinsic causes are, for example, particle contamination and inevitable humidification [7] in the fabrication process. As for the intrinsics, they are due to accumulative holes [8], the impurity of movable ions [9], [10], and the Indium diffusion [11] induced by high-density large currents under long-time driving. To tackle the OLED degradation due to long-time current drives, some compensation methods were developed in a few past works [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New AMOLED Pixel Circuit With Pulsed Drive and Reverse Bias to Alleviate OLED Degradation

Lee

Chao

2012

IEEE Trans. Electron Devices

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Abstract-This paper proposes a new pixel circuit for an active matrix organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display, which consists of five thin-film transistors (TFTs) and one capacitor. This circuit develops techniques of pulsed drive and reverse bias to achieve desired emitted brightness levels and elongate OLED life times, respectively. A current mirror is also adopted in the circuit to minimize emission nonuniformity of the OLED panel. The required input data voltages for varied displayed gray levels are calculated based on analytically known TFT and OLED models and the designed circuit architecture. The designed pixel circuit is simulated with realistic TFT models for validating expected performance to realize 256 gray levels and minimizing nonuniformity. The designed circuit is implemented in a 2.4-in quarter video graphics array panel, which shows favorable performance for minimizing display nonuniformity and alleviating OLED degradation. In addition, a closeness is clearly observed among analytical predictions, simulations, and experimental measurements.Index Terms-Active matrix organic light-emitting diode (AMOLED), OLED degradation, pulsed drive, reverse bias, thinfilm transistors (TFTs), threshold compensation.

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Metal diffusion from electrodes in organic light-emitting diodes

Cited by 298 publications

References 10 publications

Efficient and bright organic light-emitting diodes on single-layer graphene electrodes

Efficient and bright organic light-emitting diodes on single-layer graphene electrodes

Fabrikasi Transparant Conducting Film Berbahan Dasar Grafit pada Substrat Plastik dengan Proses Mekanik

A New AMOLED Pixel Circuit With Pulsed Drive and Reverse Bias to Alleviate OLED Degradation

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