Metal-doped carbon nitrides: synthesis, structure and applications

Bai, Yuhan; Zheng, Y.; Wang, Zhuang; Qing, Hong; Liu, Songqin; Shen, Yanfei; Zhang, Yuanjian

doi:10.1039/d1nj02148f

Cited by 37 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…[92] According to past studies, pyridinic N contributes with four electrons to the sp 2 configuration with a lone pair, while the other valence electron exists in the π-conjugated system. [22,27,93] Owing to the higher electronegativity of a nitrogen atom compared to that of a carbon atom, the pyridinic N is negatively charged, as proved by the aforementioned experiment related to the Lewis base. [22,27,94] On the other hand, by measuring the electrocatalytic performances of a series of electrocatalysts with different types of N species, Yang et al showed that the electron-donating graphitic N served as ORR active centers, whereas the electron-withdrawing functional groups acted as OER active centers.…”

Section: Nitrogen Atoms As Electrocatalytic Active Sitesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Nitrogen‐Rich Carbonaceous Materials for Advanced Oxygen Electrocatalysis: Synthesis, Characterization, and Activity of Nitrogen Sites

Meng

Morales

et al. 2022

Adv Funct Materials

104

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Nitrogen‐doped carbons are among the fastest‐growing class of materials used for oxygen electrocatalysis, namely, the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), thanks to their low cost, environmental friendliness, excellent electrical conductivity, and scalable synthesis. The perspective of replacing precious metal‐based electrocatalysts with nitrogen‐doped carbon is highly desirable for reducing costs in energy conversion and storage systems. In this review, the role of nitrogen and N‐induced structural defects on the enhanced performance of N‐doped carbon electrocatalysts toward the OER and the ORR as well as their applications for energy conversion and storage technologies is summarized. The synthesis of N‐doped carbon electrocatalysts and the characterization of their nitrogen functional groups and active sites for the conversion of oxygen are also reviewed. The electrocatalytic performance of the main types of N‐doped carbon materials for OER/ORR electrocatalysis are then discussed. Finally, major challenges and future opportunities of N‐doped carbons as advanced oxygen electrocatalysts are highlighted.

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Section: Nitrogen Atoms As Electrocatalytic Active Sitesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Nitrogen‐Rich Carbonaceous Materials for Advanced Oxygen Electrocatalysis: Synthesis, Characterization, and Activity of Nitrogen Sites

Meng

Morales

et al. 2022

Adv Funct Materials

104

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“…Considering the future development of the 2D/2D vdW heterostructure, switching to new carbon nitride-based materials is essential to fully cultivate the benefits of 2D/2D configuration. Molecular engineering by doping (nonmetal, alkali metal, and single atoms), alteration of the coordination pattern (bridging N, C atoms, or azo linkages), insertion of N-rich units such as triazole units, and replacing the basic triazine/heptazine units with new construction units are some fundamental strategies to advancing the intrinsic physicochemical properties of carbon nitrides. , Several new variants of the C x N y family with an entirely different stoichiometric C:N ratio such as C 2 N, C 3 N, C 3 N 2 , C 3 N 3 , C 4 N 3 , C 3 N 5 , and C 3 N 6 and novel photophysical behavior have been synthesized in recent years to conquer the drawbacks of conventional C 3 N 4 . ,,, Another grueling issue with carbon nitride-based 2D/2D heterojunctions is the indigent surface adsorption of the reactant and poor adsorption–desorption kinetics. Surface engineering of carbon nitride by introducing certain functional groups/units with a high affinity for reactants can solve this problem.…”

Section: Conclusion and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boosting Photocatalytic Activity Using Carbon Nitride Based 2D/2D van der Waals Heterojunctions

et al. 2021

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The surging demand for energy and staggering pollutants in the environment have geared the scientific community to explore sustainable pathways that are economically feasible and environmentally compelling. In this context, harnessing solar energy using semiconductor materials to generate charge pairs to drive photoredox reactions has been envisioned as a futuristic approach. Numerous inorganic crystals with promising nanoregime properties investigated in the past decade have yet to demonstrate practical application due to limited photon absorption and sluggish charge separation kinetics. Two-dimensional semiconductors with tunable optical and electronic properties and quasi-resistance-free lateral charge transfer mechanisms have shown great promise in photocatalysis. Polymeric graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is among the most promising candidates due to fine-tuned band edges and the feasibility of optimizing the optical properties via materials genomics. Constructing a two-dimensional (2D)/2D van der Waals (vdW) heterojunction by allies of 2D carbon nitride sheets and other 2D semiconductors has demonstrated enhanced charge separation with improved visible photon absorption, and the performance is not restricted by the lattice matching of constituting materials. With the advent of new 2D semiconductors over the recent past, the 2D/2D heterojunction assemblies are gaining momentum to design high performance photocatalysts for numerous applications. This review aims to highlight recent advancements and key understanding in carbon nitride based 2D/2D heterojunctions and their applications in photocatalysis, including small molecules activation, conversion, and degradations. We conclude with a forward-looking perspective discussing the key challenges and opportunity areas for future research.

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“…31 Through doping with foreign atoms into carbon matrices, new stable defect sites with strong anchoring ability to metal atoms can be created. [32][33][34] In this context, highly efficient single-atom Pt catalysts hosted on carbon nitride have been constructed, which exhibited outstanding performance in photocatalytic H 2 evolution. [35][36][37] In this paper, single Pt atom catalysts with different coordination atoms (N, and/or O) were prepared by adopting two carbonaceous carriers i.e., N-doped carbon (NC) and graphitic carbon nitride (C 3 N 4 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host-induced alteration of the neighbors of single platinum atoms enables selective and stable hydrogenation of butadiene

Wang

Mou

et al. 2022

Nanoscale

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Metal-doped carbon nitrides: synthesis, structure and applications

Abstract: Doping of metal is a common strategy to regulate the structure of carbon nitride materials at the molecular level. A wide range of intriguing applications of metal-doped carbon nitride (M-CN)...

Cited by 37 publications

References 92 publications

Nitrogen‐Rich Carbonaceous Materials for Advanced Oxygen Electrocatalysis: Synthesis, Characterization, and Activity of Nitrogen Sites

Nitrogen‐Rich Carbonaceous Materials for Advanced Oxygen Electrocatalysis: Synthesis, Characterization, and Activity of Nitrogen Sites

Boosting Photocatalytic Activity Using Carbon Nitride Based 2D/2D van der Waals Heterojunctions

Host-induced alteration of the neighbors of single platinum atoms enables selective and stable hydrogenation of butadiene

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