Metal Emissions, NO2 and HC Reduction from a Base Metal Catalysed DPF/FBC System

Richards, Paul; Vincent, Matthew; Johansen, Keld; Mogensen, Gurli

doi:10.4271/2006-01-0420

Cited by 4 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Several studies [Warner et al 2003;Khalek et al 2009] showed that DPF systems reduce emissions of metals (primarily originating from lubricating oil) by more than 85%. Richards [Richards et al 2006] showed that a base-metal-catalyzed SiC wall-flow monolith is effective in removing metals from the exhaust of an engine fueled with ULSD that is treated with an Fe/Sr-based fuel-borne catalyst (FBC).…”

Section: Effects On Dpm Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diesel aerosols and gases in underground mines: guide to exposure assessment and control.

Bugarski¹,

Cauda²,

Janisko³

et al. 2011

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Section: Effects On Dpm Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Typically, noncatalyzed DPF systems have minor effects on CO, HC, NO, NO 2 , and SO 2 emissions [Herner et al 2009]. At DPF temperatures over 250°C (482°F), however, a fraction of NO 2 might get consumed in a chemical reaction with DPM accumulated in the DPF [Richards et al 2006].…”

Section: Effects On Gas Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diesel aerosols and gases in underground mines: guide to exposure assessment and control.

Bugarski¹,

Cauda²,

Janisko³

et al. 2011

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“…The FBCs are used to improve the combustion process, decrease particulate mass emissions, increase fuel efficiency (Richards et al , 2006; D'Urbano and Mayer, 2007), and/or to improve the regeneration of DPF systems by providing a nucleus for oxidation of soot trapped in the DPF element (Richards et al , 2006). The DPF systems that use FBCs with base-metal and base-metal/platinum (Pt) formulations that did not show significant potential for oxidation of NO to NO 2 (Richards et al , 2006; Czerwinski et al , 2007) are of special interest to the underground mining and tunnelling industry, where de novo formation of NO 2 is one of the major concerns (Cauda et al , 2010; Bugarski et al , 2012). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The metals supplied to the combustion chamber by the fuel additives are linked to elevated emissions of metal-containing ultrafine and nano-aerosols (Richards et al , 2006; Mayer et al , 2010; Sanderson et al , 2014). The emission rates of metals from engines supplied with FBCs are primarily a result of the catalyst dosing rate (Mayer et al 2010) and type of exhaust aftertreatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The emission rates of metals from engines supplied with FBCs are primarily a result of the catalyst dosing rate (Mayer et al 2010) and type of exhaust aftertreatment. Combustion of diesel fuel treated with the Fe-based additive ferrocene was shown to induce high engine-out concentrations of aerosols with a mobility diameter <50 nm (Lee et al , 2006; Richards et al , 2006; Miller et al , 2007). It was suggested (Lee et al , 2006; Miller et al , 2007) that metallic additives at low, but above threshold, values promote formation of nucleation metallic nanoparticles and subsequent homogeneous and heterogeneous coagulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emissions from a Diesel Engine using Fe-based Fuel Additives and a Sintered Metal Filtration System

Bugarski

Hummer

Stachulak

et al. 2015

ANNHYG

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A series of laboratory tests were conducted to assess the effects of Fe-containing fuel additives on aerosols emitted by a diesel engine retrofitted with a sintered metal filter (SMF) system. Emission measurements performed upstream and downstream of the SMF system were compared, for cases when the engine was fueled with neat ultralow sulfur diesel (ULSD) and with ULSD treated with two formulations of additives containing Fe-based catalysts. The effects were assessed for four steady-state engine operating conditions and one transient cycle. The results showed that the SMF system reduced the average total number and surface area concentrations of aerosols by more than 100-fold. The total mass and elemental carbon results confirmed that the SMF system was indeed very effective in the removal of diesel aerosols. When added at the recommended concentrations (30 p.p.m. of iron), the tested additives had minor adverse impacts on the number, surface area, and mass concentrations of filter-out (FOut) aerosols. For one of the test cases, the additives may have contributed to measurable concentrations of engine-out (EOut) nucleation mode aerosols. The additives had only a minor impact on the concentration and size distribution of volatile and semi-volatile FOut aerosols. Metal analysis showed that the introduction of Fe with the additives substantially increased Fe concentration in the EOut, but the SMF system was effective in removal of Fe-containing aerosols. The FOut Fe concentrations for all three tested fuels were found to be much lower than the corresponding EOut Fe concentrations for the case of untreated ULSD fuel. The results support recommendations that these additives should not be used in diesel engines unless they are equipped with exhaust filtration systems. Since the tested SMF system was found to be very efficient in removing Fe introduced by the additives, the use of these additives should not result in a measurable increase in emissions of de novo generated Fe-containing aerosols. The findings from this study should promote a better understanding of the benefits and challenges of using sintered metal systems and fuel additives to control the exposure of underground miners and other workers to diesel aerosols and gases.

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Cell Toxicity and Oxidative Potential of Engine Exhaust Particles: Impact of Using Particulate Filter or Biodiesel Fuel Blend

Gerlofs-Nijland

Totlandsdal

Tzamkiozis

et al. 2013

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The link between emissions of vehicular particulate matter (PM) and adverse health effects is well established. However, the influence of new emission control technologies and fuel types on both PM emissions and health effects has been less well investigated. We examined the health impact of PM emissions from two vehicles equipped with or without a diesel particulate filter (DPF). Both vehicles were powered either with diesel (B0) or a 50% v/v biodiesel blend (B50). The DPF effectively decreased PM mass emissions (∼85%), whereas the fuel B50 without DPF lead to less reduction (∼50%). The hazard of PM per unit distance driven was decreased for the DPF-equipped vehicle as indicated by a reduced cytotoxicity, oxidative, and pro-inflammatory potential. This was not evident and even led to an increase when the hazard was expressed on a per unit of mass basis. In general, the PM oxidative potential was similar or reduced for the B50 compared to the B0 powered vehicle. However, the use of B50 resulted in increased cytotoxicity and IL-6 release in BEAS-2B cells irrespective of the expression metric. This study shows that PM mass reduction achieved by the use of B50 will not necessarily decrease the hazard of engine emissions, while the application of a DPF has a beneficial effect on both PM mass emission and PM hazard.

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Metal Emissions, NO2 and HC Reduction from a Base Metal Catalysed DPF/FBC System

Cited by 4 publications

References 31 publications

Diesel aerosols and gases in underground mines: guide to exposure assessment and control.

Diesel aerosols and gases in underground mines: guide to exposure assessment and control.

Emissions from a Diesel Engine using Fe-based Fuel Additives and a Sintered Metal Filtration System

Cell Toxicity and Oxidative Potential of Engine Exhaust Particles: Impact of Using Particulate Filter or Biodiesel Fuel Blend

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