Metal flow and forces when rolling I beams in universal grooves

Determination of Contact Pressure during Double-T Section Rolling in Universal Beam Groove

“…To determine a state of stress and strain of the metal in the rolling of H-beam in the universal fourroll groove (Fig. 2) the problem with the application of the variation principle of the minimum of total power [15] was assigned and solved. Thus deformation of a web I and flanges II considered as rolling of rectangular strips on a flat body of rolls, and believed, that reduction of flanges occurs only vertical roll.…”

“…To close this system, the equation for the effective shear stress Τ is used. Since the problem was solved for the rigid-plastic medium, then Τ=τs, and therefore, taking into account the dependence Τ on the components of the strain tensor [15] the shear yield stress of metal is…”

“…The most accurate results can be obtained by analyzing the complete system of equations of the theory of plasticity [15]. Solution of the problem of determining contact pressures and rolling forces in a universal grooves based on the use of physical equations for the connection of the stressed and deformed state of the metal in the deformation zone is shown below.…”

Simulation of Thermal Conditions during Rolling of I-Beams at Modern Rail and Structural Steel Mill

“…Our works [3][4][5] include a developed mathematical model based on variational principles of plasticity theory for calculating metal forming and power parameters of I-beam rolling at the universal beam pass with uniform metal strain (equal reduction ratios) at roll web and flanges: 𝜆 𝑤 = 𝜆 𝑓 = 𝜆. The obtained mathematical model includes a set of calculation formulas for determination of below parameters, which characterize rolling conditions at the universal beam pass with specified (known) reduction ratio (see [5]): flanges reduction ratio 1/𝜂 𝑓 ; flanges relative expansion ratio∆ℎ 𝑓 ̃ ; stressed-state coefficient at the web 𝑛 𝜎𝑤 and flanges 𝑛 𝜎𝑓 ; average contact pressure at the web 𝑝 𝑤 and flanges 𝑝 𝑓 ; rolling power factor 𝑛 𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑙 ; deformation torque 𝑀 𝑡 .…”

Determination of contact pressure during double-T section rolling in a universal beam groove

“…1. Схема расположения рабочих клетей современного типового рельсобалочного стана: 1 и 2 -обжимная и черновая реверсивные клети дуо; 3 -чистовая непрерывно-реверсивная группа: УК1, УК2 универсальные реверсивные клети; УК3 -чистовая нереверсивная клеть; ВК -двухвалковая сдвигаемая вспомогательная клеть минимума полной мощности [6]. При этом деформацию шейки I и фланцев IIрассматривали как прокатку прямоугольных полос на гладкой бочке валков, причем полагали, что обжатие фланцев происходит только со стороны вертикального валка.…”