Metal Fluorides as Lithium-Ion Battery Materials: An Atomic Layer Deposition Perspective

Mäntymäki, Miia; Ritala, Mikko; Leskelä, Markku

doi:10.3390/coatings8080277

Cited by 44 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 172 publications

(481 reference statements)

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“…Although most of the studies described below have dealt with planar electrodes, ALD has excellent potential to prepare 3D electrodes to increase the geometric areal capacity. [355,362,363] Therefore, direct comparison between the early investigations of ALD TMDCs discussed below and especially comparisons to conventional particle-based electrodes should be undertaken with caution. Finally, the capacity of a real-world battery also depends on the other battery components, including the other electrode, electrolyte, separator, and packaging.…”

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confidence: 99%

Atomic Layer Deposition of 2D Metal Dichalcogenides for Electronics, Catalysis, Energy Storage, and Beyond

Mattinen

Leskelä

Ritala

2021

Adv Materials Inter

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it was soon replaced by other materials. Research on the fundamental properties and preparation of TMDC monolayers in solution (1986), [8] on single-crystal substrates in ultrahigh vacuum (2001), [9] and in an accessible way using mechanical exfoliation [10] (2005) followed. It was the discovery of graphene in 2004 [11] with its ever expanding list of unique and exciting properties, phenomena, and potential applications [12] that amassed broad attention to 2D materials and resulted in the 2010 Nobel Prize in Physics awarded to Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov. Tremendous efforts have been put toward synthesis and applications of graphene, including the billion euro Graphene Flagship project funded by the European Union. [13,14] Graphene is a semimetal, however, and the need to have semiconducting materials for many crucial applications, in particular in electronics, has led researchers to search for other 2D materials. The scientific community turned to TMDCs following breakthroughs in observation of unique thickness-dependent properties, [15,16] monolayer synthesis using chemical vapor deposition (CVD), [17,18] and demonstration of high-performance semiconductor devices [19-21] in 2010-2013 (Figure 1). Indeed, in 2013 the number of scientific publications on TMDCs, in particular MoS 2 , nearly tripled over 2012, and the strong growth has continued to date, fueled by advances in synthesis, new devices, and exciting physical phenomena. The explosive growth in MoS 2 research has also expanded to other TMDCs, [22] resulting in yet new phenomena and potential applications being found. [23-26] It is now clear that TMDCs are remarkable in many ways. Their layered crystal structure gives rise to fundamental physics not seen in 3D materials, which enables novel devices and applications. [25,26,32,34-36] The layered structure also gives TMDCs their highly anisotropic properties, extremely high specific surface areas, possibility to intercalate different species between the layers, and stability as ultrathin sheets down to three atomic layers thick. The TMDC family contains dozens of different materials from semiconductors to semimetals, metals, and even superconductors. [5,22,25,34] However, TMDC research is still mostly in the early discovery stages and the investigations of TMDCs largely continue using flakes produced by mechanical exfoliation of bulk crystals. [10,26] Unfortunately, this method cannot be scaled up for practical 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are among the most exciting materials of today. Their layered crystal structures result in unique and useful electronic, optical, catalytic, and quantum properties. To realize the technological potential of TMDCs, methods depositing uniform films of controlled thickness at low temperatures in a highly controllable, scalable, and repeatable manner are needed. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a chemical gas-phase thin film deposition method capable of meeting these challenges. In this review, the applications evaluated for ALD TMDCs are systematically...

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confidence: 99%

Atomic Layer Deposition of 2D Metal Dichalcogenides for Electronics, Catalysis, Energy Storage, and Beyond

Mattinen

Leskelä

Ritala

2021

Adv Materials Inter

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“…Metal fluoride ALD coatings, for example, have been found to have better cycle stability than the most commonly utilized metal oxide protective layers. 204 However, the ALD process is made more difficult by the scarcity of fluorine precursors. 205 In addition, certain metals, nitrates, organometallic, sulphides, and halides, precursors developed for specific ALD applications are still scarce.…”

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confidence: 99%

An overview of the application of atomic layer deposition process for lithium‐ion based batteries

Nwanna

Bitire

Imoisili

et al. 2022

Intl J of Energy Research

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Lithium-ion battery (LIB) systems provide a very promising range of power supply systems for diverse applications like electric vehicles, hybrid plug-in electric vehicles, grid storage systems, and microelectronics. Nevertheless, the features of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), which include energy density and power, cycle lifetime, safety, as well as cost, must be enhanced in order to achieve all these feasible applications. Atomic layer deposition (ALD), as a result of its unique benefits above other thin-film methods of deposition, emerges as a very useful approach for use in improving the efficiency of LIBs. This review summarizes ALD's advanced successes in designing new nanostructured solid-state electrolytes and electrode materials, as well as the adjustment of the interfaces of electrodes and electrolytes through the application of surface coatings for the avoidance of undesirable side reactions to attain maximum adequate performance of the electrode. Also covered are ideas for the potential advancement of ALD studies and technology for the applications of LIBs. This review paper is anticipated to furnish researchers within the LIB and ALD fields with valuable information that would encourage much more extensive research on the use of ALD to produce new generation LIBs.Novelty Statement: This review presents the recent advancements in electrode materials as well as some new electrode fabrication processes for Li-ion batteries. Certain prospective materials with improved electrochemical performance have also been reported, along with a review of the recent precursors utilized for the ALD of battery materials. The efficiency of the ALD process in providing sufficient solutions to the problems associated with the utilization of Lithium-ion batteries is also discussed.

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“…The growth rate of ALD is described by growth per cycle (GPC), typically ∼ 1 Å/cycle [37]. Now ALD has enabled a large variety of materials, including elements [38,39], oxides [40,41], sulfides [42,43,44], nitrides [39], fluorides [45], and many others [36,40,46]. Figure 2(b) displays an MLD process for growing pure polymers using two homobifunctional precursors, consisting of four steps as well, i.e., Pulse A/Purge A/Pulse B/Purge B.…”

Section: Principles Of Ald and Mld Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic and molecular layer deposition in pursuing better batteries

Meng

2021

Journal of Materials Research

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In the past decade, atomic and molecular layer deposition (ALD and MLD), these two sister techniques have been attracting more and more research attention to address technical challenges in various advanced battery systems. The charm of both ALD and MLD lies in their unique mechanism for growing a large variety of functional materials, featuring uniform and conformal films enabled at the atomic/molecular level at low temperature. Using ALD and MLD, to date, there have been many excitements achieved in research. These will ultimately be reflected on technical innovations that will help revolutionize our lifestyles. This invited article gives the first comprehensive review briefing on the journey of ALD and MLD in pursuing better batteries and highlighting many exciting progresses in various advanced battery systems. It is expected that this review will help boost many more efforts in using ALD and MLD for new battery technologies in the coming decade.

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Metal Fluorides as Lithium-Ion Battery Materials: An Atomic Layer Deposition Perspective

Cited by 44 publications

References 172 publications

Atomic Layer Deposition of 2D Metal Dichalcogenides for Electronics, Catalysis, Energy Storage, and Beyond

Atomic Layer Deposition of 2D Metal Dichalcogenides for Electronics, Catalysis, Energy Storage, and Beyond

An overview of the application of atomic layer deposition process for lithium‐ion based batteries

Atomic and molecular layer deposition in pursuing better batteries

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