Metal-free oxidized carbon nitride for efficient sunlight-driven photocleavage of lignin β-O-4 bond

Li, Xiang; Wu, Ting; Fang, Guigan; Tian, Qingwen; Yang, Qiang

doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2023.156598

Cited by 15 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The photoreactions in the x% CN/ZIS systems were performed without the presence of extra additives at the room temperature. The results of entries 1 and 2 in Table were consistent with previous studies , and revealed that PP-ol was not converted with the catalyst under dark conditions or without photocatalysts under visible-light conditions. As depicted in Figure a, with the increase of the CN content, the photocatalytic conversion of PP-ol and yields of phenol and acetophenone could be enhanced remarkably.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

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Fabrication of S-Scheme g-C₃N₄/Zn₄In₂S₇ Heterojunction Photocatalyst for Enhancing Selective Cleavage of β-O-4 Bond in Lignin Model Compounds and Lignin

Liu,

Jiang,

Cao

et al. 2023

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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The photocatalytic cleavage of the C–O bonds between the β-O-4 structure in natural lignin is still very challenging. Regrettably, the efficiency and selectivity of the photocatalysts for lignin valorization need to be further improved due to the fast recombination of the photogenerated carriers and unsuitable redox potential. To address these challenges, an efficient approach for promoting the one-step Cβ–O bond cleavage in β-O-4 lignin model compounds and lignin by using a g-C3N4/Zn4In2S7 (CN/ZIS) photocatalyst with a step-scheme (S-scheme) heterojunction was employed under visible-light illumination. The construction of the S-scheme CN/ZIS heterojunction was essential to efficiently separate the photoexcited carriers and then improve their redox capability. Due to its ingenious design, the lignin β-O-4 model compound was completely converted under mild conditions with 99% C–O bond cleavage selectivity, which affords high selectivity of phenol (93.4%) and acetophenone (75.2%). The mechanistic studies and density functional theory calculation demonstrated that the efficient cleavage of Cβ–O bonds mainly involved a photoexcited electron–hole-coupled redox mechanism. After optimizing the reaction conditions, real lignin samples were applied to this system and successfully depolymerized. This study elucidated the high-performance charge transfer mechanism of heterogeneous interfaces and provided an effective strategy to produce aromatic resources by utilizing both lignin and photoenergy.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Lin et al also found that −SH on the surface plays an essential role in C–O bond breakage . Li et al reported that an oxidized g-C 3 N 4 photocatalyst with the assistance of •OOH radicals and high valence band could selectively cleave the lignin C–C bond . Unfortunately, the photocatalytic efficiency still needs to be improved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of S-Scheme g-C₃N₄/Zn₄In₂S₇ Heterojunction Photocatalyst for Enhancing Selective Cleavage of β-O-4 Bond in Lignin Model Compounds and Lignin

Liu,

Jiang,

Cao

et al. 2023

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…Besides, the bands observed at 1209–1634 cm −1 were ascribed to the distinctive skeletal vibration of the aromatic ring, while the sharp peak at 810 cm −1 was a typical breathing vibration of tri- s -triazine units. 33 Significantly, the peak area of the surface hydroxyl group of 10% CN/5CQDs/CZS was larger than that of CN and 10% CN/CZS, which could be due to the introduction of the CQDs on the surface of 10% CN/CZS. Based on these results, the graphitized structure of CN could be still retained well.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Z-scheme heterojunction g-C₃N₄/CQD/CdZnS with high redox capability for enhancing visible light-driven photocatalytic depolymerization of lignin into aromatic monomers

Liu,

Jiang,

Cao

et al. 2024

Green Chem.

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Photoreforming for Lignin Upgrading: A Critical Review

et al. 2023

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Photoreforming of lignocellulosic biomass to simultaneously produce gas fuels and value‐added chemicals has gradually emerged as a promising strategy to alleviate the fossil fuels crisis. Compared to cellulose and hemicellulose, the exploitation and utilization of lignin via photoreforming are still at the early and more exciting stages. This review systematically summarizes the latest progress on the photoreforming of lignin‐derived model components and “real” lignin, aiming to provide insights for lignin photocatalytic valorization from fundamental to industrial applications. Considering the complexity of lignin physicochemical properties, related analytic methods are also introduced to characterize lignin photocatalytic conversion and product distribution. We finally put forward the challenges and perspective of lignin photoreforming, hoping to provide some guidance to valorize biomass into value‐added chemicals and fuels via a mild photoreforming process in the future.

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Metal-free oxidized carbon nitride for efficient sunlight-driven photocleavage of lignin β-O-4 bond

Cited by 15 publications

References 42 publications

Fabrication of S-Scheme g-C₃N₄/Zn₄In₂S₇ Heterojunction Photocatalyst for Enhancing Selective Cleavage of β-O-4 Bond in Lignin Model Compounds and Lignin

Fabrication of S-Scheme g-C₃N₄/Zn₄In₂S₇ Heterojunction Photocatalyst for Enhancing Selective Cleavage of β-O-4 Bond in Lignin Model Compounds and Lignin

Z-scheme heterojunction g-C₃N₄/CQD/CdZnS with high redox capability for enhancing visible light-driven photocatalytic depolymerization of lignin into aromatic monomers

Photoreforming for Lignin Upgrading: A Critical Review

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Metal-free oxidized carbon nitride for efficient sunlight-driven photocleavage of lignin β-O-4 bond

Cited by 15 publications

References 42 publications

Fabrication of S-Scheme g-C3N4/Zn4In2S7 Heterojunction Photocatalyst for Enhancing Selective Cleavage of β-O-4 Bond in Lignin Model Compounds and Lignin

Fabrication of S-Scheme g-C3N4/Zn4In2S7 Heterojunction Photocatalyst for Enhancing Selective Cleavage of β-O-4 Bond in Lignin Model Compounds and Lignin

Z-scheme heterojunction g-C3N4/CQD/CdZnS with high redox capability for enhancing visible light-driven photocatalytic depolymerization of lignin into aromatic monomers

Photoreforming for Lignin Upgrading: A Critical Review

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Fabrication of S-Scheme g-C₃N₄/Zn₄In₂S₇ Heterojunction Photocatalyst for Enhancing Selective Cleavage of β-O-4 Bond in Lignin Model Compounds and Lignin

Fabrication of S-Scheme g-C₃N₄/Zn₄In₂S₇ Heterojunction Photocatalyst for Enhancing Selective Cleavage of β-O-4 Bond in Lignin Model Compounds and Lignin

Z-scheme heterojunction g-C₃N₄/CQD/CdZnS with high redox capability for enhancing visible light-driven photocatalytic depolymerization of lignin into aromatic monomers