Organophosphorus compounds, especially phosphorylated heterocycles, are gaining increasing attention in the fields of materials science, pharmaceuticals, and agrochemistry due to their excellent biological activities. Consequently, the exploration of green and efficient methods for the synthesis of phosphorylated heterocycles has garnered significant interest from organic chemists. In recent years, visible light‐induced photoredox‐catalyzed organic synthesis has made substantial progress in the field of phosphorylation reaction since its eco‐friendly and mild conditions. This review summarizes the advance of the past five years in the visible‐light‐mediated synthesis of phosphorylated heterocycles using phosphine oxides as precursors through P‐centered radical addition, cross‐couping, and cyclization reactions.