Metal Halide Perovskites Functionalized by Patterning Technologies

Abstract

Date back to the first introduction of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites into solar cells in 2009, [5] the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) have been greatly boosted from 3.8% to 25.2% (certified PCEs) during the past decade. [6] With the merits of excellent photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield, perovskite-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have achieved external quantum efficiency (EQE) exceeding 20% via defect passivation, structural modification, and surface engineering. [7-9] In addition to the prosperity in photovoltaic and light-emitting devices, tremendous efforts are carried on the MHPs pursuing ultra-low threshold laser, [10,11] and ultra-sensitive photo-and X-ray detectors. [12-14] Solution processing method is commonly used for fabricating perovskite thin films. This cost-effective method allows large-scale production of smooth and uniform perovskite thin films served as the active layers of solar cells. [15] However, it is difficult to grow specific nano/microcrystals with desired dimensions and positions to meet the requirement of integrated electronic and optoelectronic devices with compactness. Patterning technology is widely used in optoelectronic fields to improve device performance. Performing various patterning technologies on materials not only obtain aesthetic value but also generate specific functions through constructing ordered and well-designed structures. [16-19] Specific structures and periodic patterns endow materials with unique light-matter interaction which has great impacts on photovoltaic and optoelectronic devices. [20] Moreover, patterning technologies can construct highresolution patterns down to nanoscale resolution, which meets the requirement for displaying and anti-counterfeiting applications. Therefore, performing versatile patterning technologies on MHPs would not only improve their electronic and optical properties but also opens a new pathway for integrated electronic and optoelectronic systems with unique and novel functions. Here, an overview of the recent advances of patterning technology in the field of MHPs is presented (Figure 1). The patterning technologies were divided into two parts based on whether patterned templates are required. With the merits of patterning technologies, the patterned MHPs exhibited novel functions and enhanced performance in optical and optoelectronic applications, such as solar cells, photodetectors, laser, anti-counterfeiting, and full-color displays. Therefore, the relationship between the patterned structures and the MHPs device performance as well as the corresponding mechanisms are discussed in detail. Finally, a summary and some perspectives on the existing challenges of patterned MHPs are put forward. Metal halide perovskites (MHPs), as emerging stars, are greatly attracted due to their superior optical and optoelectrical properties. The design and construction of patterned materials have been considered as a powerful tool to improve the performance of optical and optoelectronic devices. Therefore, the marriage of MHPs and ...

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