in contrast to the distorted perovskite structure of the monoclinic phase on the insulating side of the phase boundary. Our neutron scattering results on a LaNiO 3 powder sample show that on the nanoscale, the crystal structure of the ground state is not rhombohedral. Locally, the symmetry is broken at the Ni sites due to oxygen distortions that in turn create three unique oxygen sites. The local structure is best described by the monoclinically distorted lattice with the P 2 1 / n symmetry. This fi nding is consistent with recent observations of a monoclinic phase in thin fi lms but in the current case in the absence of strain. [ 22,23 ] In the bulk, two Ni sublattices are formed due to the oxygen distortions. LaNiO 3 is a promising electronic material used as a substrate in ferroelectric electrodes and spintronic devices, [24][25][26][27] with properties that sensitively depend on the dimensionality of the electron system and can be tuned by interfacial engineering of superlattices. [ 28,29 ] The current results suggest that the appearance of the monoclinic phase at the surface has its roots in the bulk, where the lattice is predisposed to the distortion, only to be accentuated at the surface under conditions of strain.On the insulating site of the R NiO 3 phase diagram, a two sublattice structure has been previously established. Evidence is provided here that suggests, on the metallic site, the crystal lattice of LaNiO 3 harbors a two sublattice structure as well. This observation is made by examining the local structure via the pair density function (PDF), ρ ( r ), method. Shown in Figure 1 a-c is the ρ ( r ) exp representing the local atomic confi guration at varying lengths as a function of temperature. Note that the correlation peaks correspond to the probability of fi nding a particular pair of atoms at a given distance in space. For instance, the fi rst peak around 1.93 Å in Figure 1 a corresponds to the shortest distance in the structure that is between Ni and O atoms in the octahedron. It can be seen that upon warming, the Ni O peak height decreases while its width expands asymmetrically. The origin of the asymmetry is discussed below.At the lowest temperature of 2 K, the data (symbols) are compared to two model PDFs calculated within the constraints of the crystal symmetries noted on each plot (Figure 1 b). The input parameters (atomic coordinates and unit cell dimensions) used to calculate each model are provided in the Supporting Information. At 2 K, the data are fi rst compared to the ρ ( r ) mod (solid line) corresponding to the average crystal symmetry of 3 R c. The comparison is reasonably good, however small differences are observed between the two that cannot be reproduced in the 3 R c. The goodness of fi t for this comparison is determined to be 0.28. [ 30 ] In the 3 R c, there exists only one unique oxygen site. A better fi t to the data is provided by introducing oxygen distortions in the model. In the new local ρ ( r ) mod shown in the middle plot of Figure 1 b, the oxygen site is split to...