In order to elucidate the magnetic ground state of Sr 2 VO 4 , we have measured muon spin rotation and relaxation (μ + SR) spectra of a powder sample in the temperature range between 1.8 and 140 K. As a result, we have clarified that the transition at 105 K is not magnetic but structural and/or electric in origin and found the appearance of static antiferromagnetic (AF) order below 8 K. Moreover, the distribution of the internal AF field was found to be very broad, even at the lowest temperature measured. These results are consistent with the formation of an orbital-stripe order with collinear AF order for the magnetic ground state of Sr 2 VO 4 .Tetragonal Sr 2 VO 4 with a K 2 NiF 4 -type structure has been considered as an analog of a parent compound of the first superconducting cuprate, i.e., La 2 CuO 4 , since the electron configuration of the V 4+ ion is t 1 2g with S = 1/2 in a tetragonal crystal field of a VO 6 octahedron [1-7]. Although susceptibility (χ m ) measurements clearly show a magnetic anomaly at 105 K (=T c ) [6], a past neutron diffraction study reported the absence of magnetic peaks even at 5 K [2]. Since x-ray diffraction studies revealed a sudden enhancement of the c/a ratio below T c [6], it was proposed that an orbital-ordering transition occurs at T c . In fact, first principles calculations predicted an antiferromagnetic (AF) and orbital-ordered state with a nontrivial and large unit cell structure in the ground state, because of the coexistence and competition of ferromagnetic and AF exchange interactions [8,9].Recently, a more exciting possibility was proposed, namely, that a hidden magnetic order is induced by spin-orbit coupling for a t 1 2g electron system [10]. Such work also predicted an unconventional magnetic octupolar ordering at low T for Sr 2 VO 4 . Furthermore, alternating spin-orbital order in the ab plane was proposed by considering the effects of spin-orbit coupling, crystal field, and superexchange on the energy levels of the V 4+ ions [11].Despite the above attractive predictions, there are few reports on Sr 2 VO 4 utilizing microscopic magnetic techniques [12]. Macroscopic magnetic measurements such as χ m and neutron scattering usually give us significant insight into the ground state of magnetically ordered solids. However, such techniques are sometimes not suitable, particularly for the materials exhibiting order with a broad field distribution, i.e., when short-range order, random, or nearly random order appears in a material, due to the absence of periodic structure and/or the presence of rapid fluctuations. In contrast, the muon spin rotation and relaxation (μ + SR) technique is very sensitive * e0589@mosk.tytlabs.co.jp to local magnetic environments with a different time window compared to neutron scattering; thus μ + SR has provided crucial information on the magnetic ground state of materials [13,14]. We have therefore performed a μ + SR experiment on Sr 2 VO 4 and found the appearance of magnetic order not below T c but below 8 K.A powder sample of Sr 2 VO 4 w...