Metal levels in computer monitor components discarded in the vicinities of electronic workshops

Iniaghe, Paschal Okiroro; Adie, Gilbert U.; Osibanjo, Oladele

doi:10.1080/02772248.2013.863890

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The concentration of Pb and Ni in 100% of the samples exceeded their respective TTLC limits of 1,000 and 2,000 mg kg -1 [19] by several orders of magnitude, while Cd was within its TTLC concentration limit of 100 mg kg -1 . In related reports, high concentrations of Pb exceeding the TTLC limit for Pb in the PWBs of cathode ray tubes [25,26] and central processing units of computers [27] were observed. Similarly, high Pb concentration in PWBs of mobile phones, ranging from 14,300 -27,770, 8,222 -11,600 and 1,000 -355,000 mg kg -1 , respectively, were reported by [20,28,29].…”

Section: Metals Concentration (Mg Kgmentioning

confidence: 91%

End-of-life mobile phones parts contain toxic metals that make them hazardous, but can also serve as resource reserves for such metals

Abiodun,

Iniaghe

2023

Ovidius University Annals of Chemistry

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In this study, the concentration of some toxic metals in different parts of end-of-life mobile phones was assessed. Twenty end-of-life mobile phones of different brands and countries of origin, which were widely in use up to the year 2011, were collected from phone repair workshops in Lagos, Nigeria. The collected mobile phones were disassembled into the phone screens, printed wiring boards, plastic casings and batteries. Disassembled parts were individually milled and pulverized, and digested using HCl, HNO3 and H2O2. Flame atomic absorption spectrometry was used to quantify some toxic metals (Pb, Cd and Ni) in the digested samples, and the determined concentrations were compared with permissible limits. The average metals concentration in the disassembled parts followed the order: printed wiring boards > batteries > plastic casings > phone screens. The concentrations of Pb and Ni exceeded their toxicity threshold limit concentration in printed wiring boards, while Ni exceeded the limit concentration in batteries. Based on the maximum permissible concentration required by the Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) Directives, all Cd concentrations were below the limit concentration; Pb and Ni in printed wiring boards exceeded their limit concentrations, while Ni exceeded its permissible concentration in batteries. The results of this study indicate that printed wiring boards and batteries of end-of-life mobile phones are hazardous, and their improper disposal of could cause environmental and health problems. However, considering the very high concentrations of Pb and Ni, these mobile phone parts could serve as resource reserves for these metals.

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Section: Metals Concentration (Mg Kgmentioning

confidence: 91%

End-of-life mobile phones parts contain toxic metals that make them hazardous, but can also serve as resource reserves for such metals

Abiodun,

Iniaghe

2023

Ovidius University Annals of Chemistry

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“…However, the use of CRT glasses in these applications may be efficient only if the leachability of heavy metals do not exceed regulatory limits (Yot and Mear, 2009). Considering this outlet will limit its use to the panel glass, because it possesses a relatively constant composition and low/no lead content (Andreola et al, 2007; Iniaghe et al, 2013).…”

Section: Management Strategies For Eol Crt Glassmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The unit is also made up of different glass sections: The panel or screen makes up the front of the CRT and accounts for two-thirds of the CRT’s mass and it contains about 2–3% lead (Andreola et al, 2005). However, in late model CRTs, a trend towards increasing the use of no-lead composition has been observed (Iniaghe et al, 2013). In recent models, the panel glass is known to contain a homogeneous mixture of barium oxide and strontium oxide instead of lead oxide (Heart, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management practices for end-of-life cathode ray tube glass: Review of advances in recycling and best available technologies

Iniaghe

Adie

2015

Waste Manag Res

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Cathode ray tubes are image display units found in computer monitors and televisions. In recent years, cathode ray tubes have been generated as waste owing to the introduction of newer and advanced technologies in image displays, such as liquid crystal displays and high definition televisions, among others. Generation and subsequent disposal of end-of-life cathode ray tubes presents a challenge owing to increasing volumes and high lead content embedded in the funnel and neck sections of the glass. Disposal in landfills and open dumping are anti-environmental practices considering the large-scale contamination of environmental media by the potential of toxic metals leaching from glass. Mitigating such environmental contamination will require sound management strategies that are environmentally friendly and economically feasible. This review covers existing and emerging management practices for end-of-life cathode ray tubes. An in-depth analysis of available technologies (glass smelting, detoxification of cathode ray tube glass, lead extraction from cathode ray tube glass) revealed that most of the techniques are environmentally friendly, but are largely confined to either laboratory scale, or are often limited owing to high cost to mount, or generate secondary pollutants, while a closed-looped method is antiquated. However, recycling in cementitious systems (cement mortar and concrete) gives an added advantage in terms of quantity of recyclable cathode ray tube glass at a given time, with minimal environmental and economic implications. With significant quantity of waste cathode ray tube glass being generated globally, cementitious systems could be economically and environmentally acceptable as a sound management practice for cathode ray tube glass, where other technologies may not be applicable.

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“…At the end-of-life, if the monitors are disposed of into the environment indiscriminately or landfilled, the CRT glass can crush, when Pb and other undesirable heavy metals can leach from them (Jang and Townsend, 2003;Iniaghe et al, 2013) and contaminate, soil, air, groundwater and afterwards food chain. Kim et al (2005) studied the leaching of heavy metals from waste CRT glass and found that most CRTs exceeded the regulatory threshold of 5 mg/L for Pb and 0.75 mg/L for land disposal restrictions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metakaolin clay-derived geopolymer for recycling of waste cathode ray tube glass

Ogundiran¹,

Enakerakpo²

2018

Afr. J. Pure Appl. Chem.

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Metakaolin clay (MC)-based geopolymer was used to immobilise waste cathode ray tube (CRT) glass as a method of recycling it into other useful products. Effects of CRT glass on the properties of geopolymer and toxicity status were assessed. A Nigerian MC was replaced with different proportions of ground waste CRT glass (0-20%) and alkali-activated to produce geopolymers. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) was used to characterise CRT and MC. The geopolymers were cured at room temperature for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. Their setting time, compressive strength, dry density, water absorption and Pb binding abilities were evaluated. Geopolymers were leached using Toxicity Characteristics Leaching Procedure (TCLP). The XRF results revealed the main oxides of MC as SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 and CRT glass as SiO 2 and PbO. Setting time of the geopolymers ranged from 1 h (0% CRT) to 2 h (20% CRT).Compressive strength values of the geopolymers increased with percentage composition of CRT glass and curing age. At 28 days, the maximum compressive strength of 36.8±0.4 MPa was obtained for geopolymer that contained 20% CRT glass. Increase addition of CRT glass reduced water absorption and increased the density of the geopolymer. Leachable Pb in the geopolymer extracts was below US EPA TCLP regulatory limit of 5 mg/L. Metakaolin clay geopolymers can be a cost-effective and sustainable binder to recycle CRT into value added products.

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Metal levels in computer monitor components discarded in the vicinities of electronic workshops

Cited by 8 publications

References 10 publications

End-of-life mobile phones parts contain toxic metals that make them hazardous, but can also serve as resource reserves for such metals

End-of-life mobile phones parts contain toxic metals that make them hazardous, but can also serve as resource reserves for such metals

Management practices for end-of-life cathode ray tube glass: Review of advances in recycling and best available technologies

Metakaolin clay-derived geopolymer for recycling of waste cathode ray tube glass

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