Metal markets and recycling policies: impacts and challenges

Söderholm, Patrik; Ekvall, Tomas

doi:10.1007/s13563-019-00184-5

Cited by 34 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…The tax on recycling was replaced with a subsidy, resulting in a policy intervention that introduces two different policy instruments. Combining taxes on waste with a subsidy is encountered by Schwerhoff and Franks [40] who combined environmental taxes with subsidies on capital and output, and based on literature about resource taxes and recycling subsidies [16,41]. The tax rates for the different treatment technologies were the same as in the previous scenario (see Table 1), but instead of taxing recycling, in this scenario the government subsidised it.…”

Section: Scenario B: Waste Hierarchy Tax With Recycling Subsidiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a Circular Economy Taxation Framework: Expectations and Challenges of Implementation

Milios

2021

Circ.Econ.Sust.

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The transition to a circular economy is a complex process requiring wide multi-level and multi-stakeholder engagement and can be facilitated by appropriate policy interventions. Taking stock of the importance of a well-balanced policy mix that includes a variety of complementing policy instruments, the circular economy action plan of the European Union (COM(2020) 98 final) includes a section about “getting the economics right” in which it encourages the application of economic instruments. This contribution presents a comprehensive taxation framework, applied across the life cycle of products. The framework includes (1) a raw material resource tax, (2) reuse/repair tax relief, and (3) a waste hierarchy tax at the end of life of products. The research is based on a mixed method approach, using different sources to analyse the different measures in the framework. More mature concepts, such as material resource taxes, are analysed by reviewing the existing literature. The analysis of tax relief on repairs is based on interviews with stakeholders in Sweden, where this economic policy instrument has been implemented since 2017. Finally, for the waste hierarchy tax, which is a novel proposition in this contribution, macroeconomic modelling is used to analyse potential impacts of future implementation. In all cases, several implementation challenges are identified, and potential solutions are discussed according to literature and empirical sources. Further research is required both at the individual instrument and at the framework level. Each of the tax proposals needs a more detailed examination for its specificities of implementation, following the results of this study.

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Section: Scenario B: Waste Hierarchy Tax With Recycling Subsidiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a Circular Economy Taxation Framework: Expectations and Challenges of Implementation

Milios

2021

Circ.Econ.Sust.

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“…To limit these pollutants and protect water quality, many countries have defined concentration limits for common heavy metals 3 . Thus, regulations have led to the development of many processes for removing toxic substances from water 4 . In addition, recycling of metals from used materials or waste has also become very important for traditional water treatment 4a .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, regulations have led to the development of many processes for removing toxic substances from water 4 . In addition, recycling of metals from used materials or waste has also become very important for traditional water treatment 4a . The recycling of metals has been encouraged by many regulations published by national and international organizations due to environmental concerns and the most efficient use of resources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal adsorption properties of multi‐functional PAMAM dendrimer based gels

Baskın

Yılmaz

Islam

et al. 2021

Journal of Polymer Science

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Metal adsorption studies are getting important and there are many functional adsorbents developed recently. Here, we report the synthesis of multifunctional PAMAM G2 (polyamidoamine) possessing methacryl, amine, hydroxyl and phosphonate groups used in free radical curing gel formulations.UV curable gel is conducted in the presence of acrylamide, bisacrylamide, and polyethylene glycol diacrylate. Adsorption study of the resulting novel sorbents (gels) are carried out with a series of metals. Through a comprehensive study, structure-property relationship of the series gels is conducted by using different amount of amine, hydroxyl, and/or phosphonate ester groups on the PAMAM G2. Selected metals are Cr 3+ , Fe 3+ , Ni 2+ , Cu 2+ , Ag + , and Cd 2+ within a series of hard, intermediate, and soft ionic species. Adsorption study is carried out in pure water environment at neutral pH. Metal ions removal percentages and adsorption capacities of gel adsorbents are calculated by using atomic absorption spectroscopy. There is relationship between the overall functional groups presence in gel formulation and swelling densities for removing the metal ions. Introducing dendrimer into the gel formulation enhanced the metal ions adsorption against to Bare GEL formulation which do not possess dendrimer units. Consequently, the maximum removal efficiency has been obtained for Cr 3+ and Fe 3+ .

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“…The future recycling targets for Al packaging could be challenging for some EU member states (Pivnenko et al, 2015; Reck and Graedel, 2012). Moreover, it is unclear what measures are to be taken to reach the targets and also which of these are the most efficient in terms of costs and environmental impact (Söderholm and Ekvall, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How to increase recycling rates. The case of aluminium packaging in Austria

Warrings

Fellner

2020

Waste Manag Res

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The recycling of aluminium (Al) packaging as a single fraction is a new obligation within the Circular Economy Package of the EU, with mandatory recycling rates of 50% for 2025 and 60% for 2030. The case study of Al packaging in Austria has been chosen to assess if and what measures need to be taken to achieve these recycling rates and what costs arise from these measures. In particular, the following options of Al recovery, and combinations thereof, have been investigated: bottom ash (BA) treatment; material recovery facilities (MRF) for mixed municipal solid waste; and changes to the selective collection system. The results of the study reveal that the present recycling rate of 55% for A1 packaging in Austria might be improved most significantly by MRF (up to 94%) and advanced BA treatment (up to 72%). Only minor improvements in the recycling rate (+2%) are achievable via a change in the collection system from selective metal to a mixed selective collection (joint collection of metal and lightweight packaging). If the only aim were to increase the recycling rates for Al packaging beyond the future target of 60%, an improvement in the Al recovery rates from BA treatment would be sufficient. With regard to increased recycling quantities of all recyclables, plastics in particular, the implementation of complex systems such as MRF makes sense, even if this results in higher costs for Al recovery (increasing from the current 480 to 640 € t-1 of recycled Al).

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Metal markets and recycling policies: impacts and challenges

Cited by 34 publications

References 57 publications

Towards a Circular Economy Taxation Framework: Expectations and Challenges of Implementation

Towards a Circular Economy Taxation Framework: Expectations and Challenges of Implementation

Metal adsorption properties of multi‐functional PAMAM dendrimer based gels

How to increase recycling rates. The case of aluminium packaging in Austria

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