Metal-Mediated and Metal-Catalyzed Reactions Under Mechanochemical Conditions

Abstract

The extraordinary impact of metal-based complexes on synthetic methods is still recognized nowadays, and attempts are currently undertaken to further extend the use of metal-assisted chemistry to environmentally friendly processes within the strongly invoked green chemistry paradigm. In recent years, mechanochemistry seems to provide attractive responses with processing methods having origins lost in the mists of time. Focusing on the panorama of organic synthesis, this Review highlights some recently developed metal-assisted mechanochemical reactions to introduce the reader into the fascinating, quite unexplored world of mechanochemistry.

Sustainability Assessment of Mechanochemistry by Using the Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry

“…In recent years, mechanochemistry has also experienced an expansion from metal‐catalyzed, [9i,175] and organocatalyzed reactions [9e,176] to biocatalytic reactions [177,178] . To date, hydrolytic enzymes, such as lipases, [179–181] proteases, [143,182] and glucosidases, [183,184] among others, [177,178,185] have proven stable to catalyze mechanochemical reactions by ball milling and extrusion techniques (Scheme 12).…”

Simplifying and expanding the scope of boron imidazolate framework (BIF) synthesis using mechanochemistry

“…Mechanochemistry [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] has emerged as a versatile methodology for the synthesis and discovery of advanced materials, including nanoparticle systems [8][9][10] and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), [11][12][13][14][15] giving rise to materials that are challenging to obtain using conventional solution-based techniques. [16][17][18] Mechanochemical techniques such as ball milling, twin screw extrusion 19 and acoustic mixing 20,21 have simplified and advanced the synthesis of a wide range of MOFs, permitting the use of simple starting materials such as metal oxides, hydroxides or carbonates, 22,23 at room temperature and without bulk solvents, yielding products of comparable stability and, after activation, higher surface areas than solutiongenerated counterparts.…”

Fullerene Mechanochemistry: Serendipitous Discovery of Dumb‐Bell‐Shaped C120 and Beyond

“…A few comprehensive reviews and monograph on organic mechanochemistry can be recommended. [ 29‐33 ] These review articles and book chapters cover various solvent‐free organic reactions, including metal‐ catalyzed/mediated reactions, condensation reactions, nucleophilic additions/substitutions, Diels–Alder reactions, 1,3‐dipolar cycloadditions, oxidations, reductions, halogenation/aminohalogenation, cascade reactions, asymmetric synthesis, enzymatic reactions, as well as the transformation of gaseous reagents, biologically active amino acids/peptides and carbohydrates. The ball milling technique has also been applied to the synthesis of supramolecules such as calixarenes, rotaxanes, cage compounds, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), and covalent organic frameworks (COFs).…”