“…The heterogeneous interface systems have wide applications in the variety of engineering fields, such as oxide-dispersion-strengthened alloy, thermal barrier coating, anticorrosive coating, catalyst, and microelectronics . The reason is that the presence of heterogeneous interfaces usually imparts the peculiar properties to engineering and functional materials such as strain hardening, , thermal resistance, , irradiation resistance, , corrosion resistance, excellent catalytic activity, , etc. Moreover, these properties are strongly affected by the interfacial interaction and bonding property that may change with the service environments and interface/defect interaction.…”