“…The next trend arises from analyte nature, and demonstrates that the increase in complexity of analytes requires more complicated substrates and procedures. This can be traced from the simple metal films and nanoparticles used for small organic molecules and proteins [ 18 , 22 , 34 , 39 , 58 , 60 ] to the complicated plasmonic chips, platforms, nanostructures, and quantum dots used for DNA sensing and detection of antibodies, toxins, and bacteria [ 77 , 82 , 94 , 97 , 99 , 101 ]. Furthermore, the last trend, arising from the differences between substrates and their increasing level of sophistication, states the following: the increase in the complexity of the substrate leads to better sensitivity and consequently, a lower limit of detection.…”