Metal-organic framework-monolith composite-based in-tube solid phase microextraction on-line coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection for the highly sensitive monitoring of fluoroquinolones in water and food samples

Bioanalytical HPLC Applications of In-Tube Solid Phase Microextraction: A Two-Decade Overview

“…Molecularly imprinted polymers, metal-organic frameworks, zeolitic imidazole frameworks, and deep eutectic solvents have been also employed to fabricate monolithic columns for in-tube SPME [72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79]. The application of these materials will be discussed in the respective sections.…”

“…Various MOF and ZIF monolithic columns are promising alternative of polymer and silica monolithic coated capillaries. Those materials combine the benefits of MOFs and monoliths providing efficient coatings with specific surface area, high extraction efficiency and low-backpressure that can be easily prepared [75][76][77][78]. However, since many MOFs exhibit low stability in aqueous solutions, proper selection of the MOF should be performed [110].…”

Recent Applications and Newly Developed Strategies of Solid-Phase Microextraction in Contaminant Analysis: Through the Environment to Humans

“…These studies, in terms of numbers, are followed by works in which new strategies in using SPME are presented, e.g., new coupling with mass spectrometer equipment [27][28][29] or the development of a new mechanically robust SPME sampler for the on-site sampling [30]. The involved classes of molecules are various and include both pollutants traditionally investigated such as PAHs [19,[31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41] and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) [33,[42][43][44][45], and new polluting molecules such as dyes [46], additives for materials [14], new pesticides [47][48][49][50][51][52][53], antibiotics [54][55][56][57], pollutants coming from a number of polluting processes including those in industries [58][59][60], and last but not least, ultraviolet filters, whose determination in natural water is one of the issues that is attracting greater interest [37,[61][62][63][64][65][66]...…”

“…MMF-SPME consists of four independent thin fibers bound together to form a fiber bunch ( Figure 3). Similarly, monolithic fiber has also found application in the in-tube SPME (IT-SPME) through the development of novel materials such as the MOF-monolithic adsorbent with enhanced surface area, which was successfully used to detect fluoroquinolones at ultra-trace level in river water [54], but also the development of new strategies such as magnetism-enhanced monolith-based in-tube solid-phase microextraction (ME-MB/IT-SPME). This technique used modified absorbent material with Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles and the exertion of a variable magnetic field to overcome the main drawbacks of the traditional monolith-based in-tube solid-phase microextraction (MB/IT-SPME), that is the low extraction efficiency; this method was used for the extraction of triazines from river and lake water [85].…”

Polycarbonate Microchip Containing CuBTC-Monopol Monolith for Solid-Phase Extraction of Dyes

“…Nevertheless, such composite components are yet to be examined as SPE supports. e possible benefits of MOF-matrix SPE supports are as follows: (i) simple sorbent preparation allowing enrichment of targeted compounds and concurrently the exclusion of size within desorption phase of larger molecular sized compounds than the chosen MOF pore size, (ii) simple sorbent functionalization, merely through selection of proper organic connecters utilized within the synthesis of MOF, (iii) simple SPE automation process through flowdriven methods, avoiding high backpressure or tiny particles clogging the flow manifold tubing, and (iv) excellent flowthrough characteristics, allowing SPE applications to use MOFs (independently regardless of their shape and crystal size) [44,[49][50][51][52].…”