Metal Organic Frameworks as Photocatalyst for Water Purification

Goyal, Nupur; Arora, P.

doi:10.1007/978-981-16-7959-9_22

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…Since helium gas has the tendency to penetrate inside the cavities through the nanochannel, a helium pycnometer is used to measure the true volume of the nanosponges . Porosity depends on the difference between the bulk volume and the true volume of the nanosponges as follows percent porosity = [(bulk volume – true volume)/bulk volume] × 100 Morphology and elemental distribution: The morphology of synthesized nanosponges can be determined by microscopic techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) . SEM is particularly used to get the 3D morphology, while TEM is used to acquire bright- and dark-field imaging of the samples (which are 2D projections of 3D samples).…”

Section: Characterization Of Cyclodextrin-based Nanospongesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SEM is particularly used to get the 3D morphology, while TEM is used to acquire bright- and dark-field imaging of the samples (which are 2D projections of 3D samples). Since the synthesis of nanosponges includes a variety of elements, an elemental distribution map can be directly obtained by scanning-transmission electron microscopy (STEM) via the deployment of energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) detectors Surface area and pore volume: Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis is applied to determine the surface area and pore volume of the nanosponges .…”

Section: Characterization Of Cyclodextrin-based Nanospongesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Morphology and elemental distribution: The morphology of synthesized nanosponges can be determined by microscopic techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) . SEM is particularly used to get the 3D morphology, while TEM is used to acquire bright- and dark-field imaging of the samples (which are 2D projections of 3D samples).…”

Section: Characterization Of Cyclodextrin-based Nanospongesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This method produces less toxic materials as a byproduct in comparison to other conventional methods. However, certain disadvantages comprise the harsh synthetic conditions to generate photocatalysts and the longer duration of time needed. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, certain disadvantages comprise the harsh synthetic conditions to generate photocatalysts and the longer duration of time needed. 20,21 Flotation: Flotation is a separation process that was originally deployed in mineral processing but is commonly used for wastewater treatment nowadays. It involves the presence of gas bubbles as the carrying medium wherein hydrophobic suspended particles are attached to these bubbles and move toward the water's surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cyclodextrin-Based Nanosponges as an Environmentally Sustainable Solution for Water Treatment: A Review

Goyal

Amar

Gulati

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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Over the past few decades, the disposal of various industrial pollutants such as organic dyes, heavy metal ions, pesticides, and phenolic compounds has led to the deterioration of the quality of freshwater; even with the 70% water coverage over the earth, there is meager access to freshwater sources. Against the drawbacks of conventional water purification methods such as sludge production and generation of toxic byproducts, the adsorption process is regarded as an efficient and economical strategy for the treatment of wastewater. Among various available adsorbents, cyclodextrin-based nanosponges have evolved as prominent adsorbents for treating wastewater and are considered a cost-effective option with minimal energy and time requirements. Owing to their porous nature, cone-like structure, cross-linked three-dimensional network, and special architecture of the hydrophilic and hydrophobic moieties wherein the hydrophobic core can form inclusion complexes with pollutants via host−guest interactions while hydrophilic edges interact with pollutants through hydrogen-bonding and electrostatic interactions, they are effective adsorbents for the removal of a variety of pollutants such as heavy metals, organic dyes, phenols, and pesticides. Additionally, the number of active sites in these nanosponges could be enhanced by hybridizing with other adsorbents or by functionalization with magnetic nanoparticles. This review deliberates various water purification methods and underlines the limitations of using other conventional methods over adsorption. The strategies to synthesize β-cyclodextrin-based nanosponges deploying various cross-linkers and their further modifications have been discussed in detail. Finally, the application of these nanosponges for the effective removal of assorted pollutants from wastewater highlighting the adsorption mechanism in certain cases is cogitated.

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Section: Characterization Of Cyclodextrin-based Nanospongesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Characterization Of Cyclodextrin-based Nanospongesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Characterization Of Cyclodextrin-based Nanospongesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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