Metal–Organic Frameworks-Based Catalysts for Biomass Processing

Abstract

: Currently, metal–organic frame works (MOFs) as novel hybrid nanoporous materials are a top research interest, including endeavors in heterogeneous catalysis. MOF materials are promising heterogeneous catalytic systems due to their unique characteristics, such as a highly ordered structure, a record high surface area and a compositional diversity, which can be precisely tailored. Very recently, these metal-organic matrices have been proven as promising catalysts for biomass conversion into value-added products. The relevant publications show that the structure of MOFs can contribute essentially to the advanced catalytic performance in processes of biomass refining. This review aims at the consideration of the different ways for the rational design of MOF catalysts for biomass processing. The particular characteristics and peculiarities of the behavior of different MOF based catalytic systems including hybrid nanomaterials and composites will be also discussed by illustrating their outstanding performance with appropriate examples relevant to biomass catalytic processing.

Hierarchical Porous MIL-101(Cr) Solid Acid-Catalyzed Production of Value-Added Acetals from Biomass-Derived Furfural

“…Although many different kinds of functional groups can be introduced into metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) [26], it is hard to have strong acidity (e.g., sulfonic acid) after immobilizing onto the materials. If the part with Brønsted acid is used to construct the MOF skeleton, deprotonation will occur in the synthetic solution, which leads to the formation of MOF skeletons composed of conjugated Brønsted base sites [27,28]. A strong acid solution must be used as a synthesis solvent to avert the deprotonation of the acid group.…”

MOFs Derived Catalysts Prepared by Pyrolysis for Hydrogenation of Bio‐Based Furfural: A Mini‐Review

“…[41,42] In short, although some encouraging reviews have summarized the use of multiple catalysts to produce chemicals from BPC, they are mostly focused on the utilization ways and there is no focus on MOFs derived catalysts with great potential. [43][44][45][46] At present, the application of MOFs derived catalysts prepared by pyrolysis in hydrogenation of furfural and 5-HMF hydrogenation has been widely studied, but this kind of catalyst has many defects and can be upgraded in many aspects. [47][48][49] Based on this fact, the purpose of this review is to sort out the preparation methods of MOFs derived catalysts used for catalytic furfural and 5-HMF hydrogenation and its the types of active sites generated, as to contribute to the development of MOFs derived catalysts used for BPC hydrogenation upgrade.…”

“…In short, although some encouraging reviews have summarized the use of multiple catalysts to produce chemicals from BPC, they are mostly focused on the utilization ways and there is no focus on MOFs derived catalysts with great potential [43–46] . At present, the application of MOFs derived catalysts prepared by pyrolysis in hydrogenation of furfural and 5‐HMF hydrogenation has been widely studied, but this kind of catalyst has many defects and can be upgraded in many aspects [47–49] .…”

Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Nanomaterials

“…The field of catalysis is continuously bubbling with the cutting-edge development of organic–inorganic nanoscale hybrid systems [35,36,37,38,39,40]. The quest for higher activity, better selectivity, and improved stability of catalysts is increasingly extended to the emerging hybrid organic–inorganic structures.…”