Virus severely endangers human life and health, and the detection of viruses is essential for the prevention and treatment of associated diseases. Metal-organic framework (MOF), a novel hybrid porous material which is bridged by the metal clusters and organic linkers, has become a promising biosensor platform for virus detection due to its outstanding properties including high surface area, adjustable pore size, easy modification, etc. However, the MOF-based sensing platforms for virus detection are rarely summarized. This review systematically divided the detection platforms into nucleic acid and immunological (antigen and antibody) detection, and the underlying sensing mechanisms were interpreted. The nucleic acid sensing was discussed based on the properties of MOF (such as metal ion, functional group, geometry structure, size, porosity, stability, etc.), revealing the relationship between the sensing performance and properties of MOF. Moreover, antibodies sensing based on the fluorescence detection and antigens sensing based on molecular imprinting or electrochemical immunoassay were highlighted. Furthermore, the remaining challenges and future development of MOF for virus detection were further discussed and proposed. This review will provide valuable references for the construction of sophisticated sensing platform for the detection of viruses, especially the 2019 coronavirus.
Virus severely endangers human life and health, and the detection of viruses is essential for the prevention and treatment of associated diseases. Metal-organic framework (MOF), a novel hybrid porous material which is bridged by the metal clusters and organic linkers, has become a promising biosensor platform for virus detection due to its outstanding properties including high surface area, adjustable pore size, easy modification, etc. However, the MOF-based sensing platforms for virus detection are rarely summarized. This review systematically divided the detection platforms into nucleic acid and immunological (antigen and antibody) detection, and the underlying sensing mechanisms were interpreted. The nucleic acid sensing was discussed based on the properties of MOF (such as metal ion, functional group, geometry structure, size, porosity, stability, etc.), revealing the relationship between the sensing performance and properties of MOF. Moreover, antibodies sensing based on the fluorescence detection and antigens sensing based on molecular imprinting or electrochemical immunoassay were highlighted. Furthermore, the remaining challenges and future development of MOF for virus detection were further discussed and proposed. This review will provide valuable references for the construction of sophisticated sensing platform for the detection of viruses, especially the 2019 coronavirus.
“…165,166 Recently, many biosensors based on diverse MOFs (Zr-MOF, Al-MOF, Fe-MOF, Zn-MOF, etc. ) 167 and COFs 168 have been developed for detecting diverse targets, such as small biomolecules (H 2 O 2 , dopamine, and ascorbic acid (AA)), 169 antibiotics, 170 biomarkers, 171 heavy metal ions, 172 proteins, 173 and living cancer cells, 174 via different determination techniques, including electrochemical methods, 175,176 fluorescence approaches, 170,177,178 electrochemiluminescence, 175 surface plasmon resonance, 179 colorimetric method, 180 microfluidic impedance 181 and chemiluminescence. 182 Among them, the electrochemical method is an efficient technique for the detection of biomolecules in the biological field.…”
Section: Applications Of Mof/cof-based Heterostructuresmentioning
MOF/COF-based hybrids show the properties of precisely tunable compositions and structures, and provide a broad range of potential applications in gas sorption and separation, catalysis, energy transfer, biomedicine, etc.
“…Comparing the performance of the biosensor based on using materials such as “graphene, graphene oxide, and gold nanoparticles, etc.,” with MOFs-/MOFs-NPs based biosensors for nucleic acid and immunological detection. MOFs-/MOFs-NPs possess significant advantages, like have: 1) Conjugated π electron system; 2) Flexible and high porosity reached to 90%; 3) High loading capacity; 4) Open metal sites; 5) Large surface area reach to 1 × 10 4 m 2 /g; 6) Tunable pore sizes; 7) Easy post-synthetic modification and functionalization; 8) Biodegradable and biocompatible; 9) Fast detection tools; 10) Adsorption and quenching the fluorophore-labeled probes; 11) The ability of fluorescence quenching can adjust via functional groups or ligands; 12) Selectivity options can be established based on size discrimination capacity; 13) Specific molecular recognition and facile molecular enrichment; 14) Efficient molecular immobilization; 15) Low cost, and 16) Excellent adsorption performance [ [183] , [184] , [185] , [186] ]. These tremendous advantages facilitate their biosensing applications especially in detecting bacteria, viruses’ biomolecules, and cells.…”
Section: Metal-organic Framework (Mofs) Nanomaterials Matrix For Bios...mentioning
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