Metal-organic frameworks enable broad strategies for lithium-sulfur batteries

Abstract

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery is considered to be the most potential next generation power battery system, however, it is urgent to find suitable materials to solve a series of challenges, such as shuttle effect and lithium dendrite growth. As a multifunctional porous material, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) can be used in different parts of Li-S batteries. In recent years, the application of MOFs in Li-S batteries has been developed rapidly. This review summarizes the milestone works and the recent advances of MOFs in various aspects of Li-S batteries, including cathode, separator and electrolyte. The factors affecting the performance of MOFs and the working mechanisms of MOFs in different parts are also discussed in details. Finally, the opportunities and challenges for the application of MOFs in Li-S batteries are proposed. We also put forward feasible solutions to the related problems. This review will provide better guidance for the rational design of novel MOF based materials for Li-S batteries.

Functional Separator Modified with Reduced Graphene Oxide and Fe3S4 for High-Performance Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

“…With the improvement of human production efficiency and the acceleration of the pace of life, the charging energy storage equipment is widely used in various industries, and human demand for the charging mobile energy storage equipment is getting higher and higher. − In the past few decades, lithium-ion batteries have become more and more popular because of their high safety performance, charging efficiency, and energy density. − However, due to the increasing demand for energy storage equipment, lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) with higher energy density and lower production cost have attracted wide attention. LSBs have many advantages, including high energy density (2600 Wh kg –1 ), wide operating temperature (−30 to 60 °C), and lower electrode material cost, but the disadvantages of LSBs are also obvious. − First of all, the electronic conductivity of sulfur is very poor (5 × 10 –30 S cm –1 ), which results in the low utilization rate and poor dynamic performance for the active material . Second, the volume expansion of sulfur in the process of charge and discharge is relatively large, which influences on the microstructure of the positive electrode .…”

Ion‐Inserted Metal–Organic Frameworks Accelerate the Mass Transfer Kinetics in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

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Li-S battery because of its porous structure, high specific surface area, and multiple active sites. [16] Although few works have explored the applications of MOF in Li-S battery with promoted performances, [17][18][19][20] the large polarization still exists especially at high rate, indicating sluggish kinetics, which is highly relative to its ionic transportation property. [21][22][23] Typically, An interlayer composed of MOF particles embedding in conductive porous networks allows facilitated ion transport, but it may not effectively prevent the shuttle of LiPSs because it leaves spaces and channels between MOF particles for the permeation of LiPSs (Figure 1a).

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A Polysulfide-Repulsive, In Situ Solidified Cathode–Electrolyte Interface for High-Performance Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

“…2600 Wh kg –1 , represents one of the cutting-edge electrochemical energy storage technologies for enabling long-driving-distance electric vehicles. − Currently, the electrochemical energy storage via the Li–S system is impeded by the inferior practical performance of the battery. − Formation and dissolution of Li polysulfide (LiPS) intermediates at the cathode–electrolyte interface (CEI) have been identified as two of the most notorious issues that hinder the stable operation of Li–S batteries. − During the discharge–charge process, the continuous loss of LiPSs from the S particle surface not only depletes active S on the cathode but also increases the salt concentration of the electrolyte and triggers unfavorable parasitic reactions with Li metal that passivate the anode. As a result, the Li–S batteries usually show significant capacity decay upon continuous cycling or raising the discharge–charge rate. − In addition to physically or chemically adsorbing the LiPSs by the cathode host, − solid electrolytes were also proposed to suppress LiPS formation and shuttling and to enable the stable operation of Li–S batteries. − However, most of the solid electrolytes show low bulk Li + conductivity and poor contact with the electrodes, which could hinder charge transfer and result in poor kinetics of the electrode reaction. , In situ creation of a partially solidified electrode–electrolyte interface (mostly the S-electrolyte interface) from one or more liquid electrolyte components has been proven effective in inhibiting LiPS shuttling while maintaining fast charge transfer owing to improved interfacial contact with the S cathode (Table S1). , At the solidified interface, the LiPSs show much-reduced solubility, which accounts for a large mass transfer resistance from the cathode to the electrolyte and forms the basis of LiPS inhibition.…”